Detailed Explanation of Key Points for High-Yield Cultivation Techniques of Spring Peanuts

Peanut belongs to the Fabaceae family, Arachis genus. Like other leguminous crops, it has rhizobia. Rhizobia have great nitrogen-fixing potential, improving soil nitrogen content and fertility. It also has strong drought tolerance, making it a way for farmers to increase income. Late March and early April is the best time to sow spring peanuts. The main high-yield cultivation techniques for spring peanuts are as follows:
I. Seed selection and seed treatment. First, high-quality, high-yield peanut varieties should be selected. Second, when selecting seeds, large, plump seeds should be chosen as seeds. The selected seeds can be treated with a seed dressing agent. The commonly used seed dressing agent is carbendazim wettable powder, with a dosage of 0.3-0.5% of the seed weight, to ensure full seedlings and strong plants.
II. Formula fertilization. Fertilization should combine organic fertilizer with inorganic fertilizer. Generally, apply 1500-2000 kg of farmyard manure per mu, no less than 40 kg/mu of compound fertilizer, 1 kg/mu of borax, and carry out fine land preparation.
III. Timely sowing and plastic film mulching. The suitable sowing period for peanuts is generally around late April. The density of 9000-10000 hills per mu is appropriate, with two seeds sown per hole. Adopt high-ridge double-bed cultivation, with a bed surface width of 80-85 cm, planting two rows of peanuts, with a row spacing of 25 cm and a hill spacing of 18 cm. Spray 100-150 ml of 50% acetochlor per mu diluted with 50-75 kg of water onto the ground to prevent and eliminate weeds. Finally, cover with plastic film. When covering with film, attention should be paid to pulling it tight and pressing it down well.
IV. Strengthen field management. When peanut seedlings emerge through the soil, attention should be paid to breaking the film to guide the seedlings out, and cover some wet soil over the film holes. After the cotyledons emerge from the film, break the hills and clear the seedlings. If drought occurs before and after flowering, water promptly, but do not flood irrigate. When peanut plant height reaches 40 cm or the rows basically close, spray a paclobutrazol aqueous solution at a concentration of 50-100 mg/kg to prevent excessive vegetative growth.
V. Prevent premature senescence. Due to plastic film mulching, peanuts grow and develop early, and premature senescence is likely to occur in the later stage. From the pod-setting stage to the maturity stage, foliar topdressing should be carried out, and 1-2% urea solution or 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed on the leaves.
VI. Control diseases and pests. Peanut root-knot nematode disease is the main disease in peanut production areas. Generally, nematicides such as chlorpyrifos can be used to treat the soil, more decomposed organic fertilizer can be applied to improve soil fertility, and crop rotation can be carried out. It can be rotated with tall-stalk crops such as wheat and corn for 2-3 years.
Peanut leaf spot disease can be controlled per mu with 1000-1200 times diluted 50% carbendazim solution or 600-800 times diluted 75% chlorothalonil solution, sprayed once every 10-15 days, for 2-3 consecutive sprays.
The main insects attacking peanuts are aphids and white grubs. For aphids, use 100 ml of 40% omethoate emulsifiable concentrate per mu diluted with 50 kg of water for control. For white grubs, 2-3 kg of 3% phoxim granules per mu can be broadcast near the peanut hills, and combined with hoeing or earthing up, the pesticide should be buried in the soil. Alternatively, 0.5 kg of 5% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate or 0.5 kg of 40% isofenphos-methyl can be diluted with 500-800 kg of water and used to irrigate the hills.
VII. Timely harvest. When about 70% of the pods are full and plump, harvest should be carried out. Do not harvest prematurely to prevent reduced peanut yield.