Free Gossypol Content in Cottonseed Meal and Its Rational Application in Livestock and Poultry Feed
Rational Application of Free Gossypol Content in Cottonseed Meal in Livestock and Poultry Feed
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Free gossypol can also be used rationally.? Let's see.
--------------------------------------
Let's see, thanks. Rest well, OP
--------------------------------------
This kind of outdated article shouldn't be introduced at all
--------------------------------------
Its existence is reasonable, 6 @( f' P7 w6 7 a
It's just that we haven't used it well.
--------------------------------------
Free gossypol content in cottonseed meal in livestock and poultry feed. U/ j- x6 v% s# R# ]+ _7 q
Rational application 3 G/ y" ~9 e' T7 y* x: @0 r* u
**Shihezi Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station (832000) Feng Jianli, Xu Ye
1 ?P/ D. W$ X; P& a1 z3 _( u( * Y Shihezi Reclamation Area is a major cotton-producing region, and its by-product cottonseed meal 7 n2 w7 a& J% v
is the best plant protein feed source in livestock and poultry compound feed,
( v. c" Q, h! b4 BkJ9 v containing more than 40% protein, 1.59% lysine, methionine
" m$ _, f! x& e. h6 Y8 n" n, H' X 0.52%. Cottonseed meal is the by-product remaining after cottonseed is dehulled, heated, flaked into thin sheets
* g" t: L# o9 o- ]7 Q and extracted with solvent hexane to remove oil. In terms of
' ]% L" g6 R8 {' v; J5 A; H local sourcing, cottonseed meal is a very valuable
1 k, 5 Z8 J! ? raw material for livestock and poultry feed in our region. To identify the quality of cottonseed meal, we usually
' l( c6 P9 o# ]6 k( C judge by two indicators: crude protein and free gossypol content.
f2 Y8 `" b% V: H% k7 ? In recent years, among the cottonseed meal samples from the reclamation area that I have monitored and analyzed, ) A* ?: E9 q' a; V7 L
most had crude protein content between 40% and 44%, while free % B' r: Z4 b/ W7 d9 i
gossypol content varied greatly. Below, based on the cottonseed meal samples
$ T/ ~; R0 z' p' M9 UM/ ~' x submitted from our region, we analyze their theoretical application in livestock and poultry, and thereby further 3 j) L' - N6 T% ~" ~1 r. K
discuss the maximum utilization rate in practical application.
) W+ ^9 E3 u0 Y6 |: [$ S; E1 Materials and Methods, x+ O/ m3 x6 `" X2 T; v! ]t, ^- K, L
Test samples: cottonseed meal samples were provided by the city processing plant, the 149th Regiment Feed
3 s/ I1 ?5 v" L Mill, the 122nd Regiment Feed Mill, the 129th Regiment Feed Mill, Tiankang Feed
Mill, Longyuan Dairy, and Liuwang Feed Mill, from which 6 C: X2 T/ L9 [! A9 @; ]9 a
35 samples were randomly drawn. To reduce random error, each unit had an equal 4 V/ Y" ]& ~( e7 h! i
amount of 5 cottonseed meal samples drawn. H9 z: f8 X9 v1 O2 y
Monitoring methods: crude protein content was determined by the GB/ T6432 -$ M+ d$ s! m8 n5 m1 a+ v
94 method for crude protein content, and free gossypol content was determined by the + f, o{) |. ]I( pI& ~4 B
GB13086 - 91 method for free gossypol content. ) c- V" E- 4 zx& y! x! E0 ^
2 Results Analysis, O) j, [1 f' V, V. ?
From the measurement results we can learn that the higher the free gossypol content,
6 ~, X# ~% n9 C the worse the corresponding cottonseed meal protein, that is, the lower the crude protein content - [! [$ 9 L, w% A5 G- T9 `
and the correspondingly lower the utilization in livestock and poultry. In broiler 0 N7 _6 s% m# q2 U& f
and growing chicken compound feed, the amount of cottonseed meal added is relatively large; in fattening
: b7 I& t7 X. t. s* }3 q+ d5 W8 n6 C pig compound feed it is intermediate; in laying hen compound feed it should be added
! J: h) ]$ U' Q0 b with caution. ! v6 h0 # ]- P' {7 i* X0 kp4 _
The experiment found that the poorer-quality cottonseed meal was that which had not been solvent-extracted, and during the pressing
( ?0 |6 X" _% L8 g oil process had insufficient high-temperature heating and incomplete dehulling, resulting in
* r+ U+ ?! B) N, i' poorer quality cottonseed meal. This caused the free gossypol content to exceed the national prohibited % |( ~9 J* M# j8 Q8 q
value (i.e. ≥1200mg/ kg). 3 U4 B2 ~( j0 z" z! l; B
4 Analysis and Discussion, |5 Q. n" J1 o# z# e+ ~8 FV
(1) According to the national standard GB13078 - 91, the applicable range for
3 c+ n- @& h/ e, x. u3 N% [ the toxin free gossypol content in feed is: fattening pig compound feed
3 5 k- y9 Y6 c' k ≤60mg/ kg, laying hen feed ≤20mg/ kg, broiler and growing 5 V' b+ t6 A4 l4 H* K
chicken compound feed ≤100mg/ kg. Therefore we can know that cottonseed meal
: O( W0 f* X6 y7 ?# b, V, B with different free gossypol contents also has fundamentally different 5 G8 E3 n3 F: _, l1 |0 D$ N# U
usage amounts in livestock and poultry.
4 y( A8 k' K8 D; H" D( I(2) Although cottonseed meal is the best plant protein source, in its
2 C% c8 |8 G" P7 M4 |1 F/ N) L actual use, the safe usage amount of free gossypol should be
# r- h9 E/ }! o) u% {1 ~6 q8 N the criterion, and it is best used in compound feed for fattening pigs, broilers and " ~q( k: j/ l( ~# U
growing chickens, and laying hens.
) `4 b& f5 L, [9 W. _, E(3) The cottonseed meal in our reclamation area, without detoxification,
: p* m& r6 Z$ E- | has a minimum free gossypol content of 411.9mg/ kg and a maximum value
/ C$ |$ y8 M, r1 o6 l. ]0 p}+ t that can reach 1445.4 mg/ kg. Therefore it must be treated differently
/ V! V* o* k7 e5 T+ S. f in application. We theoretically believe that for every 100 kg of feed prepared, in # S) i: e0 X+ V; @6 o3 t
laying hens the addition should be 1.38 - 1.85%, in broilers ; j" t/ p$ b' z% m$ d
and growing chickens the addition should be 6.92 - 24.27%, and in
7 w0 N* I, B2 z fattening pigs the addition should be 4.2% - 14.6%.
& F! b. v3 G: t8 u( K(4) Cottonseed meal compound feed in practical application must be
combined with the gossypol content value, so doing a good job of detoxifying cottonseed meal is
! p' }0 K* m, ?) ?: S very important. There are two methods for detoxifying cottonseed meal. The first is, when
7 _+ k7 d/ EE' N$ p" I, r! ? feeding livestock and poultry, to mix ferrous sulfate into the feed. Its principle is to make free & w0 ^$ R+ g3 c0 e: l0 w, f
gossypol combine with iron ions and lose its toxicity. If the amount of iron added
% _i6 F1 Y: l6 u# p4 p* i exactly equals the gossypol, safety can be achieved. Or use steam 3 I, C+ M% {$ s& {
heating for 20 minutes to convert the free gossypol in cottonseed meal into bound
9 z( H% P) {9 @ gossypol, reducing its toxicity. Some data show that after detoxification of cottonseed meal,
6 q" o' L# b, e) V- G the free gossypol content can drop to 125mg/ kg. When used to feed broilers 8 t. W+ w: @/ s0 K# S
cottonseed meal can be added up to 46%, laying hens can have cottonseed meal added at 15%, and fattening
; @1 p( R; C7 m/ E$ S+ X! p pigs can have cottonseed meal added at 36%. Therefore rational application of cottonseed meal can play " Z! `9 E. r4 d! b
a role in saving costs, and of course combined with rational matching with soybean meal
5 u. x, `# x! I- p. t3 [ the effect will be even better.
/ h: r7 {5 X: p, o8 H1 b, [55
3 ?9 H3 b) v; I9 $ b+ x) [$ } 2002 Issue 5 ) F( `% r, E5 R+ n) F
(5) When cottonseed meal is the main protein feed, in practice it should 6 wQ. B. A4 `0 [3 Y
not exceed 35%. The reason is that if cottonseed meal accounts for too ; O8 R6 r6 o( @5 W3 G; p4 ^
large a proportion, the crude fiber content of cottonseed meal will affect livestock and poultry digestion and absorption, and at the same
5 z, W7 t7 b9 T2 J time its palatability is also relatively poor.
; x. l% V/ P) C' ^(6) The average crude protein content in cottonseed meal is 40.26%, which although
- N; j) f/ @# ~& c2 s0 D is close to the crude protein in soybean meal, due to the effect of crude fiber, it
' l* p* l8 Y5 q; q# S: B' x is necessary to supplement amino acids separately. At the same time, detoxified cottonseed meal (free 2 B: N* S# }! {* S( [& N' T) I/ o% V
gossypol< 125mg/ kg) 除含有丰富的蛋白质外,还含
4 c' @/ k% I8 }' K& Y- ] is rich in B vitamins, digestive enzymes, amino acids and minerals 8 K( a1 a/ g4 e" s7 O5 E9 b
substances. Therefore, in order to maximize the use of cottonseed meal in production, we should
/ V9 ?9 R1 C3 X5 ?( o: L& k/ B do a good job of detoxification.
# c8 j7 R: @; q+ ?$ M" }% I 5 Conclusion ( @" W& o1 ~3 M& F
To use cottonseed meal safely in livestock and poultry, it must be
. d0 Z0 p; F' ~- q. h, g* Q4 X combined with the free gossypol content value. For this reason it must be purchased from legitimate
' _, B# g" M) % t z large-scale processing plants, and at the same time sent to the corresponding monitoring institution for
( T( v7 N$ i; v determination of free gossypol toxin content. Because cottonseed meal is low in price, when using
large amounts of cottonseed meal compound feed, quality and quantity must be ensured, otherwise
& ]" d6 hB2 $ m the consequences will be endless. Therefore fully utilizing the cottonseed meal in our reclamation area can not only improve
4 k$ `) f+ F1 E/ w2 X: g1 Z5 O the comprehensive utilization rate, but also save feed costs and improve the economic benefits 2 7 S. U- ^# {# @( e, b- g
of livestock and poultry breeding. __
--------------------------------------
From the measurement results we can learn that the higher the free gossypol content, ) M4 D6 p) `% F# I
3 B' G+ A, S3 a the worse the corresponding cottonseed meal protein, that is, the lower the crude protein content ( e! o" N4 K5 {. S
8 F% @7 H" ]* u9 G. O3 ?/ a and the correspondingly lower the utilization in livestock and poultry. In broilers 8 f7 ^^! D# {# x
; i# G; e$ Y- r8 U+ L: l and growing chicken compound feed, the amount of cottonseed meal added is relatively large; in fattening x5 f) T; D9 P
3 s( K. A3 ^[9 O3 |. v pig compound feed it is intermediate; in laying hen compound feed it should be added . Z. ]* z+ V5 S( R9 `* u+ Z/
7 j6 n7 j; s0 ]4 s! r4 H with caution. 4 c3 ]: H! H% R' G* P- L0 @; p
--------------------------------------
The topic is quite novel, let's see if it's useful
--------------------------------------
For Shandong region protein at 40%, what range is the free gossypol estimated to be in?
--------------------------------------
Not sure how cottonseed meal is for livestock and poultry. Our company only uses it for cattle; for pigs and poultry we use relatively little!!
--------------------------------------
Cottonseed meal from Hubei generally has a protein content of 42%. How much is the free gossypol! How much should the addition amount in pig feed be? And how much is appropriate for the cotton cake produced by the pressing process?
--------------------------------------
This kind of outdated article shouldn't be introduced at all
--------------------------------------
Free gossypol can also be used rationally.? Let's see.
--------------------------------------
Let's see, thanks. Rest well, OP
--------------------------------------
This kind of outdated article shouldn't be introduced at all
--------------------------------------
Its existence is reasonable, 6 @( f' P7 w6 7 a
It's just that we haven't used it well.
--------------------------------------
Free gossypol content in cottonseed meal in livestock and poultry feed. U/ j- x6 v% s# R# ]+ _7 q
Rational application 3 G/ y" ~9 e' T7 y* x: @0 r* u
**Shihezi Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station (832000) Feng Jianli, Xu Ye
1 ?P/ D. W$ X; P& a1 z3 _( u( * Y Shihezi Reclamation Area is a major cotton-producing region, and its by-product cottonseed meal 7 n2 w7 a& J% v
is the best plant protein feed source in livestock and poultry compound feed,
( v. c" Q, h! b4 BkJ9 v containing more than 40% protein, 1.59% lysine, methionine
" m$ _, f! x& e. h6 Y8 n" n, H' X 0.52%. Cottonseed meal is the by-product remaining after cottonseed is dehulled, heated, flaked into thin sheets
* g" t: L# o9 o- ]7 Q and extracted with solvent hexane to remove oil. In terms of
' ]% L" g6 R8 {' v; J5 A; H local sourcing, cottonseed meal is a very valuable
1 k, 5 Z8 J! ? raw material for livestock and poultry feed in our region. To identify the quality of cottonseed meal, we usually
' l( c6 P9 o# ]6 k( C judge by two indicators: crude protein and free gossypol content.
f2 Y8 `" b% V: H% k7 ? In recent years, among the cottonseed meal samples from the reclamation area that I have monitored and analyzed, ) A* ?: E9 q' a; V7 L
most had crude protein content between 40% and 44%, while free % B' r: Z4 b/ W7 d9 i
gossypol content varied greatly. Below, based on the cottonseed meal samples
$ T/ ~; R0 z' p' M9 UM/ ~' x submitted from our region, we analyze their theoretical application in livestock and poultry, and thereby further 3 j) L' - N6 T% ~" ~1 r. K
discuss the maximum utilization rate in practical application.
) W+ ^9 E3 u0 Y6 |: [$ S; E1 Materials and Methods, x+ O/ m3 x6 `" X2 T; v! ]t, ^- K, L
Test samples: cottonseed meal samples were provided by the city processing plant, the 149th Regiment Feed
3 s/ I1 ?5 v" L Mill, the 122nd Regiment Feed Mill, the 129th Regiment Feed Mill, Tiankang Feed
Mill, Longyuan Dairy, and Liuwang Feed Mill, from which 6 C: X2 T/ L9 [! A9 @; ]9 a
35 samples were randomly drawn. To reduce random error, each unit had an equal 4 V/ Y" ]& ~( e7 h! i
amount of 5 cottonseed meal samples drawn. H9 z: f8 X9 v1 O2 y
Monitoring methods: crude protein content was determined by the GB/ T6432 -$ M+ d$ s! m8 n5 m1 a+ v
94 method for crude protein content, and free gossypol content was determined by the + f, o{) |. ]I( pI& ~4 B
GB13086 - 91 method for free gossypol content. ) c- V" E- 4 zx& y! x! E0 ^
2 Results Analysis, O) j, [1 f' V, V. ?
From the measurement results we can learn that the higher the free gossypol content,
6 ~, X# ~% n9 C the worse the corresponding cottonseed meal protein, that is, the lower the crude protein content - [! [$ 9 L, w% A5 G- T9 `
and the correspondingly lower the utilization in livestock and poultry. In broiler 0 N7 _6 s% m# q2 U& f
and growing chicken compound feed, the amount of cottonseed meal added is relatively large; in fattening
: b7 I& t7 X. t. s* }3 q+ d5 W8 n6 C pig compound feed it is intermediate; in laying hen compound feed it should be added
! J: h) ]$ U' Q0 b with caution. ! v6 h0 # ]- P' {7 i* X0 kp4 _
The experiment found that the poorer-quality cottonseed meal was that which had not been solvent-extracted, and during the pressing
( ?0 |6 X" _% L8 g oil process had insufficient high-temperature heating and incomplete dehulling, resulting in
* r+ U+ ?! B) N, i' poorer quality cottonseed meal. This caused the free gossypol content to exceed the national prohibited % |( ~9 J* M# j8 Q8 q
value (i.e. ≥1200mg/ kg). 3 U4 B2 ~( j0 z" z! l; B
4 Analysis and Discussion, |5 Q. n" J1 o# z# e+ ~8 FV
(1) According to the national standard GB13078 - 91, the applicable range for
3 c+ n- @& h/ e, x. u3 N% [ the toxin free gossypol content in feed is: fattening pig compound feed
3 5 k- y9 Y6 c' k ≤60mg/ kg, laying hen feed ≤20mg/ kg, broiler and growing 5 V' b+ t6 A4 l4 H* K
chicken compound feed ≤100mg/ kg. Therefore we can know that cottonseed meal
: O( W0 f* X6 y7 ?# b, V, B with different free gossypol contents also has fundamentally different 5 G8 E3 n3 F: _, l1 |0 D$ N# U
usage amounts in livestock and poultry.
4 y( A8 k' K8 D; H" D( I(2) Although cottonseed meal is the best plant protein source, in its
2 C% c8 |8 G" P7 M4 |1 F/ N) L actual use, the safe usage amount of free gossypol should be
# r- h9 E/ }! o) u% {1 ~6 q8 N the criterion, and it is best used in compound feed for fattening pigs, broilers and " ~q( k: j/ l( ~# U
growing chickens, and laying hens.
) `4 b& f5 L, [9 W. _, E(3) The cottonseed meal in our reclamation area, without detoxification,
: p* m& r6 Z$ E- | has a minimum free gossypol content of 411.9mg/ kg and a maximum value
/ C$ |$ y8 M, r1 o6 l. ]0 p}+ t that can reach 1445.4 mg/ kg. Therefore it must be treated differently
/ V! V* o* k7 e5 T+ S. f in application. We theoretically believe that for every 100 kg of feed prepared, in # S) i: e0 X+ V; @6 o3 t
laying hens the addition should be 1.38 - 1.85%, in broilers ; j" t/ p$ b' z% m$ d
and growing chickens the addition should be 6.92 - 24.27%, and in
7 w0 N* I, B2 z fattening pigs the addition should be 4.2% - 14.6%.
& F! b. v3 G: t8 u( K(4) Cottonseed meal compound feed in practical application must be
combined with the gossypol content value, so doing a good job of detoxifying cottonseed meal is
! p' }0 K* m, ?) ?: S very important. There are two methods for detoxifying cottonseed meal. The first is, when
7 _+ k7 d/ EE' N$ p" I, r! ? feeding livestock and poultry, to mix ferrous sulfate into the feed. Its principle is to make free & w0 ^$ R+ g3 c0 e: l0 w, f
gossypol combine with iron ions and lose its toxicity. If the amount of iron added
% _i6 F1 Y: l6 u# p4 p* i exactly equals the gossypol, safety can be achieved. Or use steam 3 I, C+ M% {$ s& {
heating for 20 minutes to convert the free gossypol in cottonseed meal into bound
9 z( H% P) {9 @ gossypol, reducing its toxicity. Some data show that after detoxification of cottonseed meal,
6 q" o' L# b, e) V- G the free gossypol content can drop to 125mg/ kg. When used to feed broilers 8 t. W+ w: @/ s0 K# S
cottonseed meal can be added up to 46%, laying hens can have cottonseed meal added at 15%, and fattening
; @1 p( R; C7 m/ E$ S+ X! p pigs can have cottonseed meal added at 36%. Therefore rational application of cottonseed meal can play " Z! `9 E. r4 d! b
a role in saving costs, and of course combined with rational matching with soybean meal
5 u. x, `# x! I- p. t3 [ the effect will be even better.
/ h: r7 {5 X: p, o8 H1 b, [55
3 ?9 H3 b) v; I9 $ b+ x) [$ } 2002 Issue 5 ) F( `% r, E5 R+ n) F
(5) When cottonseed meal is the main protein feed, in practice it should 6 wQ. B. A4 `0 [3 Y
not exceed 35%. The reason is that if cottonseed meal accounts for too ; O8 R6 r6 o( @5 W3 G; p4 ^
large a proportion, the crude fiber content of cottonseed meal will affect livestock and poultry digestion and absorption, and at the same
5 z, W7 t7 b9 T2 J time its palatability is also relatively poor.
; x. l% V/ P) C' ^(6) The average crude protein content in cottonseed meal is 40.26%, which although
- N; j) f/ @# ~& c2 s0 D is close to the crude protein in soybean meal, due to the effect of crude fiber, it
' l* p* l8 Y5 q; q# S: B' x is necessary to supplement amino acids separately. At the same time, detoxified cottonseed meal (free 2 B: N* S# }! {* S( [& N' T) I/ o% V
gossypol< 125mg/ kg) 除含有丰富的蛋白质外,还含
4 c' @/ k% I8 }' K& Y- ] is rich in B vitamins, digestive enzymes, amino acids and minerals 8 K( a1 a/ g4 e" s7 O5 E9 b
substances. Therefore, in order to maximize the use of cottonseed meal in production, we should
/ V9 ?9 R1 C3 X5 ?( o: L& k/ B do a good job of detoxification.
# c8 j7 R: @; q+ ?$ M" }% I 5 Conclusion ( @" W& o1 ~3 M& F
To use cottonseed meal safely in livestock and poultry, it must be
. d0 Z0 p; F' ~- q. h, g* Q4 X combined with the free gossypol content value. For this reason it must be purchased from legitimate
' _, B# g" M) % t z large-scale processing plants, and at the same time sent to the corresponding monitoring institution for
( T( v7 N$ i; v determination of free gossypol toxin content. Because cottonseed meal is low in price, when using
large amounts of cottonseed meal compound feed, quality and quantity must be ensured, otherwise
& ]" d6 hB2 $ m the consequences will be endless. Therefore fully utilizing the cottonseed meal in our reclamation area can not only improve
4 k$ `) f+ F1 E/ w2 X: g1 Z5 O the comprehensive utilization rate, but also save feed costs and improve the economic benefits 2 7 S. U- ^# {# @( e, b- g
of livestock and poultry breeding. __
--------------------------------------
From the measurement results we can learn that the higher the free gossypol content, ) M4 D6 p) `% F# I
3 B' G+ A, S3 a the worse the corresponding cottonseed meal protein, that is, the lower the crude protein content ( e! o" N4 K5 {. S
8 F% @7 H" ]* u9 G. O3 ?/ a and the correspondingly lower the utilization in livestock and poultry. In broilers 8 f7 ^^! D# {# x
; i# G; e$ Y- r8 U+ L: l and growing chicken compound feed, the amount of cottonseed meal added is relatively large; in fattening x5 f) T; D9 P
3 s( K. A3 ^[9 O3 |. v pig compound feed it is intermediate; in laying hen compound feed it should be added . Z. ]* z+ V5 S( R9 `* u+ Z/
7 j6 n7 j; s0 ]4 s! r4 H with caution. 4 c3 ]: H! H% R' G* P- L0 @; p
--------------------------------------
The topic is quite novel, let's see if it's useful
--------------------------------------
For Shandong region protein at 40%, what range is the free gossypol estimated to be in?
--------------------------------------
Not sure how cottonseed meal is for livestock and poultry. Our company only uses it for cattle; for pigs and poultry we use relatively little!!
--------------------------------------
Cottonseed meal from Hubei generally has a protein content of 42%. How much is the free gossypol! How much should the addition amount in pig feed be? And how much is appropriate for the cotton cake produced by the pressing process?
--------------------------------------
This kind of outdated article shouldn't be introduced at all