What swine diseases commonly occur in winter? Master the prevention and control measures
Winter: Common swine diseases and prevention and control measures
---Also answering readers' questions from Shijiazhuang, Hengshui and other placesRecently, readers from Shijiazhuang, Hengshui and other places reported that after entering winter, temperatures gradually drop and swine diseases begin to increase, seriously affecting breeding profits. For this reason, combining the characteristics of winter swine disease occurrence, we suggest everyone do a good job in the prevention and treatment of swine respiratory system diseases and swine digestive system diseases.---Editor
I. Respiratory system diseases
Diseases mainly manifesting respiratory system syndromes are the focus of attention in the winter pig industry. The main characteristics of this type of disease are: coughing, panting, difficulty breathing, and increased nasal discharge. Prevention focuses on reducing cold stimulation, and treatment focuses on treating the root cause rather than merely relieving wheezing.
1. Common cold
Invasion by wind-cold easily causes the common cold, manifested as coughing, nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, and tearing. The common cold itself is not very harmful, but it easily triggers other diseases. If not treated in time, after spreading it can lead to bronchitis and pneumonia.
For prevention, the main focus should be improving the microclimate of the pig house, with the main work being strengthening warmth preservation measures and preventing draft invasion.
For treatment, intramuscular injection of 5-10 ml of analgin or 10-20 ml of compound aminopyrine can be used. For traditional Chinese medicine, "Jingfang Baidu San" can be used: Schizonepeta 20 g, Saposhnikovia 20 g, Notopterygium 15 g, Bupleurum 25 g, Peucedanum 15 g, Aurantium 15 g, Platycodon 20 g, Poria 30 g, Ligusticum 10 g, dried licorice 10 g, grind into powder and administer orally.
2. Influenza
Influenza is caused by influenza virus. Its symptoms are similar to the common cold, but the manifestations are severe, highly epidemic, and often cause large-scale outbreaks. Body temperature rises to 40°C-42°C, breathing is rapid, abdominal breathing is present, coughing occurs, and mucous secretions flow from the eyes and nose.
For prevention, 15 g each of Cyrtomium rhizome, eucalyptus leaf, honeysuckle, Isatis root, and Isatis leaf can be decocted in water and taken orally.
For treatment, amantadine can be used, together with analgin and aminopyrine, injecting penicillin and streptomycin twice daily. Human and swine influenza can infect each other, so attention must be paid to personal protection.
3. Enzootic pneumonia
The pathogen of swine enzootic pneumonia is Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Clinical manifestations are lowered-head dry cough, open-mouth panting, and severe wheezing, with respiratory rate reaching up to 100 times per minute. For prevention, attenuated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine can be used. Three days after vaccination, good protective effect can be produced, and the immune protection period can reach 8 months. For treatment, oxytetracycline or kanamycin can be injected intramuscularly for 5-7 consecutive days. The dosage of oxytetracycline is 25-50 mg/kg body weight, and the dosage of kanamycin is 40,000 units/kg body weight. Tylosin, lincomycin, spectinomycin, doxycycline and other drugs can also be used for treatment.
4. Swine pasteurellosis
Swine pasteurellosis is caused by Pasteurella. Although it is an old disease of many years, it still occurs sporadically every winter. The main manifestations are extreme difficulty breathing, open-mouth breathing, foamy liquid flowing from the mouth and nose, standing on the forelimbs with the hindquarters on the ground in a dog-sitting posture, and sometimes dry and short clonic cough. The chronic type mainly manifests as persistent coughing. Because the main symptoms have many similarities with swine fever, swine anthrax, swine enzootic pneumonia, infectious pleuropneumonia and other diseases, careful clinical differentiation should be carried out. The key point of identification is whether the dog-sitting posture is present.
For prevention, aluminum hydroxide inactivated swine pasteurellosis vaccine can be injected subcutaneously or intramuscularly, 5 ml per pig each time. Immunity is produced 14 days after injection, and the immune protection period is 6 months.
For treatment, penicillin, gentamicin, tetracycline, sulfonamides or quinolones can be used, with relatively ideal effects.
II. Digestive system diseases
Diseases mainly manifesting digestive system syndromes are very common in winter. The main manifestations of this type of disease are diarrhea, various colors, more mixed impurities, and severe emaciation. For ordinary diarrhea, treatment should address both symptoms and root cause. For infectious diarrhea, prevention should be the main focus.
1. Enteritis
The occurrence of enteritis has both primary factors such as sudden climate changes, improper feeding management, and poor feed quality, and secondary factors such as bacterial infection and drug stimulation. It is a very common clinical disease. The main manifestations are vomiting and diarrhea. The vomit is mixed with blood or bile, the excretions are foul-smelling, and the feces contain blood, mucus, and mucosal tissue, sometimes mixed with pus. In the later stage, defecation incontinence and anal relaxation occur. If treatment is not timely, it can lead to death due to dehydration, salt loss, and acidosis.
Comprehensive treatment measures are: (1) Clean the intestinal tract, remove toxins, and protect the intestinal mucosa. First administer 500 ml of a laxative such as liquid paraffin or vegetable oil orally, then administer 1000 ml of 0.1% potassium permanganate solution orally, while adding 100 g of medicinal charcoal; (2) Inhibit fermentation and reduce inflammation. Administer 20 g of ichthammol orally, combined with 15-20 g of sulfaguanidine; (3) Rehydrate and strengthen the heart, and relieve acidosis. Intravenously inject 500-1000 ml of glucose saline, adding 250 ml of 5% sodium bicarbonate. (To be continued)
2. Bacterial diarrhea
Winter is an important season for raising piglets, but piglets often die from bacterial dysentery. Bacterial dysentery includes dysentery, colibacillosis, clostridial enteritis, piglet paratyphoid and many other diseases. In daily management, comprehensive identification and prevention should be carried out based on epidemiology and clinical symptoms. The primary preventive measure is to control temperature, strengthen management, and pay attention to preventing various stress reactions.
Diarrhea in piglets at 1-3 days of age is mostly red dysentery, namely piglet clostridial enteritis. The pathogen of red dysentery is Clostridium welchii type C. The characteristic of this disease is bloody stool mixed with small bubbles. For prevention, aluminum hydroxide vaccine for piglet red dysentery can be used. Sows are injected intramuscularly with 5-10 ml each at 1 month and half a month before farrowing.
Diarrhea in piglets around 1 week of age is mostly yellow dysentery. Diarrhea in piglets at 10-30 days of age is mostly white dysentery. Yellow dysentery and white dysentery are both colibacillosis. The main manifestation of yellow dysentery is yellow or yellowish-white pasty loose feces, while white dysentery is milky white, grayish-white or pale yellow-green pasty loose feces. The harm of yellow dysentery and white dysentery is relatively serious, so prevention must be done in advance. K88-LTB bivalent genetically engineered vaccine can be used, injected once into sows at 30-45 days and 15-20 days before farrowing, 5 ml each time. Drug prevention mainly uses Rukangsheng, which can be orally administered to piglets once in the morning and once in the evening each day, 1 tablet each time (0.5 g), for 2 consecutive days, then once every 1 week thereafter, for 6 consecutive weeks. Biological preparations such as Cujunsheng and Diaolisheng can also be used for prevention and treatment. According to experiments, when lactating piglets develop white dysentery, aspirin can be fed to the sow, once in the morning and once in the evening, 8-10 tablets each time (0.5 g per tablet), generally recovering after 2 consecutive days of feeding.
Diarrhea in young pigs at 7-12 weeks of age can be suspected as spirochetal dysentery. Spirochetal dysentery is a disease caused by the interaction between spirochetes and specific anaerobic bacteria in the intestinal tract. Generally, yellow or gray soft stool is passed first, followed by watery feces, with blood, mucus, and mucosa mixed in the feces. So far there is no vaccine available for inoculation, but antibacterial drugs can be used for prevention, such as adding 50 ppm of morantel or lichingqing to feed, with good effects. For treatment, morantel, lincomycin, and tylosin can be used.
Diarrhea in piglets at 2-4 months of age can be suspected as piglet paratyphoid. Piglet paratyphoid is caused by Salmonella and often causes mixed infection with swine fever and swine enzootic pneumonia. The acute type begins with constipation, followed by diarrhea with foul-smelling feces; the chronic type is the most common, initially constipated, then persistent or intermittent diarrhea, passing pale yellow or yellow-green foul-smelling loose feces mixed with blood, necrotic tissue or cellulose fragments. For prevention, attenuated lyophilized piglet paratyphoid vaccine can be injected subcutaneously or intramuscularly, 1 ml per pig each time. Injection after weaning can produce relatively strong immune protection. For treatment, oxytetracycline, neomycin, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, furazolidone and others can be selected.
3. Viral diarrhea
In the cold winter season, if pigs of all ages develop dysentery, but adult pigs have milder symptoms and piglets are severely affected, viral diarrhea should be suspected. Common ones include rotavirus disease, epidemic diarrhea, and transmissible gastroenteritis. The above three viral diseases all mainly feature vomiting and passing variously colored loose feces or watery loose stool, are seriously harmful, but have no specific drug treatment.
To prevent swine epidemic diarrhea, attenuated or inactivated swine epidemic diarrhea vaccine should be inoculated in advance; to prevent transmissible gastroenteritis, 1 ml of attenuated swine transmissible gastroenteritis vaccine should be inoculated intramuscularly and intranasally at 45 days and 15 days before farrowing; there is no vaccine for rotavirus disease. After diseased pigs are found, they should be isolated as early as possible, and 5%-10% glucose saline with 3%-5% sodium bicarbonate added should be injected intravenously. Piglets should stop suckling, and a glucose-glycine solution should be prepared for piglets to drink. The formula is: glucose 43.2 g, sodium chloride 9.2 g, glycine 6.6 g, citric acid 0.52 g, sodium citrate 0.13 g, anhydrous sodium phosphate 4.35 g, dissolved in 2 kg of water.
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Good article, support
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Reply 2#zhmdchinaren
Thank you, senior brother, for your support. Just earning some forum coins.
--------------------------------------
Amantadine may not be allowed for use.
I. Respiratory system diseases
Diseases mainly manifesting respiratory system syndromes are the focus of attention in the winter pig industry. The main characteristics of this type of disease are: coughing, panting, difficulty breathing, and increased nasal discharge. Prevention focuses on reducing cold stimulation, and treatment focuses on treating the root cause rather than merely relieving wheezing.
1. Common cold
Invasion by wind-cold easily causes the common cold, manifested as coughing, nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, and tearing. The common cold itself is not very harmful, but it easily triggers other diseases. If not treated in time, after spreading it can lead to bronchitis and pneumonia.
For prevention, the main focus should be improving the microclimate of the pig house, with the main work being strengthening warmth preservation measures and preventing draft invasion.
For treatment, intramuscular injection of 5-10 ml of analgin or 10-20 ml of compound aminopyrine can be used. For traditional Chinese medicine, "Jingfang Baidu San" can be used: Schizonepeta 20 g, Saposhnikovia 20 g, Notopterygium 15 g, Bupleurum 25 g, Peucedanum 15 g, Aurantium 15 g, Platycodon 20 g, Poria 30 g, Ligusticum 10 g, dried licorice 10 g, grind into powder and administer orally.
2. Influenza
Influenza is caused by influenza virus. Its symptoms are similar to the common cold, but the manifestations are severe, highly epidemic, and often cause large-scale outbreaks. Body temperature rises to 40°C-42°C, breathing is rapid, abdominal breathing is present, coughing occurs, and mucous secretions flow from the eyes and nose.
For prevention, 15 g each of Cyrtomium rhizome, eucalyptus leaf, honeysuckle, Isatis root, and Isatis leaf can be decocted in water and taken orally.
For treatment, amantadine can be used, together with analgin and aminopyrine, injecting penicillin and streptomycin twice daily. Human and swine influenza can infect each other, so attention must be paid to personal protection.
3. Enzootic pneumonia
The pathogen of swine enzootic pneumonia is Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Clinical manifestations are lowered-head dry cough, open-mouth panting, and severe wheezing, with respiratory rate reaching up to 100 times per minute. For prevention, attenuated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine can be used. Three days after vaccination, good protective effect can be produced, and the immune protection period can reach 8 months. For treatment, oxytetracycline or kanamycin can be injected intramuscularly for 5-7 consecutive days. The dosage of oxytetracycline is 25-50 mg/kg body weight, and the dosage of kanamycin is 40,000 units/kg body weight. Tylosin, lincomycin, spectinomycin, doxycycline and other drugs can also be used for treatment.
4. Swine pasteurellosis
Swine pasteurellosis is caused by Pasteurella. Although it is an old disease of many years, it still occurs sporadically every winter. The main manifestations are extreme difficulty breathing, open-mouth breathing, foamy liquid flowing from the mouth and nose, standing on the forelimbs with the hindquarters on the ground in a dog-sitting posture, and sometimes dry and short clonic cough. The chronic type mainly manifests as persistent coughing. Because the main symptoms have many similarities with swine fever, swine anthrax, swine enzootic pneumonia, infectious pleuropneumonia and other diseases, careful clinical differentiation should be carried out. The key point of identification is whether the dog-sitting posture is present.
For prevention, aluminum hydroxide inactivated swine pasteurellosis vaccine can be injected subcutaneously or intramuscularly, 5 ml per pig each time. Immunity is produced 14 days after injection, and the immune protection period is 6 months.
For treatment, penicillin, gentamicin, tetracycline, sulfonamides or quinolones can be used, with relatively ideal effects.
II. Digestive system diseases
Diseases mainly manifesting digestive system syndromes are very common in winter. The main manifestations of this type of disease are diarrhea, various colors, more mixed impurities, and severe emaciation. For ordinary diarrhea, treatment should address both symptoms and root cause. For infectious diarrhea, prevention should be the main focus.
1. Enteritis
The occurrence of enteritis has both primary factors such as sudden climate changes, improper feeding management, and poor feed quality, and secondary factors such as bacterial infection and drug stimulation. It is a very common clinical disease. The main manifestations are vomiting and diarrhea. The vomit is mixed with blood or bile, the excretions are foul-smelling, and the feces contain blood, mucus, and mucosal tissue, sometimes mixed with pus. In the later stage, defecation incontinence and anal relaxation occur. If treatment is not timely, it can lead to death due to dehydration, salt loss, and acidosis.
Comprehensive treatment measures are: (1) Clean the intestinal tract, remove toxins, and protect the intestinal mucosa. First administer 500 ml of a laxative such as liquid paraffin or vegetable oil orally, then administer 1000 ml of 0.1% potassium permanganate solution orally, while adding 100 g of medicinal charcoal; (2) Inhibit fermentation and reduce inflammation. Administer 20 g of ichthammol orally, combined with 15-20 g of sulfaguanidine; (3) Rehydrate and strengthen the heart, and relieve acidosis. Intravenously inject 500-1000 ml of glucose saline, adding 250 ml of 5% sodium bicarbonate. (To be continued)
2. Bacterial diarrhea
Winter is an important season for raising piglets, but piglets often die from bacterial dysentery. Bacterial dysentery includes dysentery, colibacillosis, clostridial enteritis, piglet paratyphoid and many other diseases. In daily management, comprehensive identification and prevention should be carried out based on epidemiology and clinical symptoms. The primary preventive measure is to control temperature, strengthen management, and pay attention to preventing various stress reactions.
Diarrhea in piglets at 1-3 days of age is mostly red dysentery, namely piglet clostridial enteritis. The pathogen of red dysentery is Clostridium welchii type C. The characteristic of this disease is bloody stool mixed with small bubbles. For prevention, aluminum hydroxide vaccine for piglet red dysentery can be used. Sows are injected intramuscularly with 5-10 ml each at 1 month and half a month before farrowing.
Diarrhea in piglets around 1 week of age is mostly yellow dysentery. Diarrhea in piglets at 10-30 days of age is mostly white dysentery. Yellow dysentery and white dysentery are both colibacillosis. The main manifestation of yellow dysentery is yellow or yellowish-white pasty loose feces, while white dysentery is milky white, grayish-white or pale yellow-green pasty loose feces. The harm of yellow dysentery and white dysentery is relatively serious, so prevention must be done in advance. K88-LTB bivalent genetically engineered vaccine can be used, injected once into sows at 30-45 days and 15-20 days before farrowing, 5 ml each time. Drug prevention mainly uses Rukangsheng, which can be orally administered to piglets once in the morning and once in the evening each day, 1 tablet each time (0.5 g), for 2 consecutive days, then once every 1 week thereafter, for 6 consecutive weeks. Biological preparations such as Cujunsheng and Diaolisheng can also be used for prevention and treatment. According to experiments, when lactating piglets develop white dysentery, aspirin can be fed to the sow, once in the morning and once in the evening, 8-10 tablets each time (0.5 g per tablet), generally recovering after 2 consecutive days of feeding.
Diarrhea in young pigs at 7-12 weeks of age can be suspected as spirochetal dysentery. Spirochetal dysentery is a disease caused by the interaction between spirochetes and specific anaerobic bacteria in the intestinal tract. Generally, yellow or gray soft stool is passed first, followed by watery feces, with blood, mucus, and mucosa mixed in the feces. So far there is no vaccine available for inoculation, but antibacterial drugs can be used for prevention, such as adding 50 ppm of morantel or lichingqing to feed, with good effects. For treatment, morantel, lincomycin, and tylosin can be used.
Diarrhea in piglets at 2-4 months of age can be suspected as piglet paratyphoid. Piglet paratyphoid is caused by Salmonella and often causes mixed infection with swine fever and swine enzootic pneumonia. The acute type begins with constipation, followed by diarrhea with foul-smelling feces; the chronic type is the most common, initially constipated, then persistent or intermittent diarrhea, passing pale yellow or yellow-green foul-smelling loose feces mixed with blood, necrotic tissue or cellulose fragments. For prevention, attenuated lyophilized piglet paratyphoid vaccine can be injected subcutaneously or intramuscularly, 1 ml per pig each time. Injection after weaning can produce relatively strong immune protection. For treatment, oxytetracycline, neomycin, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, furazolidone and others can be selected.
3. Viral diarrhea
In the cold winter season, if pigs of all ages develop dysentery, but adult pigs have milder symptoms and piglets are severely affected, viral diarrhea should be suspected. Common ones include rotavirus disease, epidemic diarrhea, and transmissible gastroenteritis. The above three viral diseases all mainly feature vomiting and passing variously colored loose feces or watery loose stool, are seriously harmful, but have no specific drug treatment.
To prevent swine epidemic diarrhea, attenuated or inactivated swine epidemic diarrhea vaccine should be inoculated in advance; to prevent transmissible gastroenteritis, 1 ml of attenuated swine transmissible gastroenteritis vaccine should be inoculated intramuscularly and intranasally at 45 days and 15 days before farrowing; there is no vaccine for rotavirus disease. After diseased pigs are found, they should be isolated as early as possible, and 5%-10% glucose saline with 3%-5% sodium bicarbonate added should be injected intravenously. Piglets should stop suckling, and a glucose-glycine solution should be prepared for piglets to drink. The formula is: glucose 43.2 g, sodium chloride 9.2 g, glycine 6.6 g, citric acid 0.52 g, sodium citrate 0.13 g, anhydrous sodium phosphate 4.35 g, dissolved in 2 kg of water.
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Good article, support
--------------------------------------
Reply 2#zhmdchinaren
Thank you, senior brother, for your support. Just earning some forum coins.
--------------------------------------
Amantadine may not be allowed for use.