Key Technical Points for the Prevention and Control of Respiratory Diseases in Winter (2)
Respiratory Diseases Need to Be Prevented in Winter (2)
In autumn and winter, the weather gradually turns cold, and the temperature difference between morning and evening is relatively large. Most farmers only pay attention to keeping the chicken house warm while neglecting ventilation inside the house, resulting in the high incidence and spread of respiratory diseases in autumn and winter.
The susceptibility of poultry to respiratory system diseases is not only related to the special physiological structure of poultry, but also closely related to management factors (non-disease factors) and non-management factors (disease factors). Let us explain these aspects below!
I. The particularity of the poultry respiratory system:
1. The respiratory system of poultry differs from that of mammals - it has 9 air sacs
2. There is no diaphragm! The respiratory tract and abdominal cavity are connected - peritonitis is common
3. The fixed position and performance of the lungs are poorer compared with mammals
4. The respiratory tract is relatively long
5. The endpoint of respiration is not the alveoli - the walls of the air sacs have no blood vessels - drugs cannot reach them through blood circulation - the abdominal air sacs are tightly connected with the abdominal cavity! (difficult to treat)
II. Management factors
1. Changes in environmental temperature
When the outside environmental temperature drops, the chicken house cannot be warmed in time, causing the flock to contract external cold and induced respiratory system diseases; when the chicken house temperature is too low, humidity is too high, ventilation is poor, and harmful gases exceed standards, the flock is prone to respiratory system diseases characterized by coughing, tracheal rales, and difficulty breathing.
In winter, stocking density is increased, and only attention is paid to insulation work while ventilation inside the chicken house is neglected, causing the air in the chicken house to become turbid, oxygen-deficient, and harmful gases to seriously exceed standards. Excessive stocking density and malnutrition in the flock lead to reduced resistance of the respiratory mucosa and induce respiratory system diseases.
2. Stress from vaccination
Immunizing the flock is simulating the mild onset process of a disease, so it will bring about immune reactions of varying intensity.
For example, commercial broilers are generally immunized against IBD at 14 days, and after immunization mild IBD symptoms and respiratory symptoms may appear. Generally, on the second day after immunization, the flock is prone to respiratory system disease symptoms such as nasal shaking. This is a normal vaccine stress reaction. If the body's resistance is strong and there is no pathogen infection, the symptoms disappear automatically after 2-3 days. However, in autumn and winter, the temperature difference between morning and evening is large, and susceptibility to cold-heat stress easily triggers respiratory system diseases.
3. Stimulation from the external environment
Highly irritating disinfectants such as Lysol can stimulate the respiratory mucosa, damaging the integrity of the epithelial cells of the respiratory mucosa and causing a series of respiratory symptoms such as nasal shaking, sneezing, and coughing.
The above stress factors can all damage the integrity of the respiratory mucosa, thereby causing respiratory symptoms, and they also reduce the protective capacity of the respiratory mucosa, causing pathogenic microorganisms to take the opportunity to invade and cause severe respiratory system diseases. In treating this type of respiratory disease, the main focus should be on management.
1) Maintain ventilation while keeping the chicken house temperature.
2) Reasonably plan the number of chicks introduced.
3) It is recommended to use Qihuangsu at an interval of 3 days before and after immunization to fill the immune blank period, quicklyraise the body's antibody level, alleviate vaccine stress reactions, and enhance the immune effect.
4) Ordinarily, the main thing is to improve the environment inside the chicken house, pay attention to ventilation, reduce the ammonia concentration in the house, and strengthen disinfection. It is recommended that everyone use 40°C water mixed with disinfectant water (iodine trioxide) to disinfect once every day.
III. Non-management factors
In a narrow sense, poultry respiratory system disease is the symptom of one type of disease. In a broad sense, poultry respiratory system disease is the general term for symptoms caused by one type of disease. For example, what is seen clinically: nasal shaking, sneezing, snoring, panting, coughing, etc., are only symptoms; diseases such as Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, infectious laryngotracheitis, chronic respiratory disease (mycoplasma), infectious coryza, and air sac type colibacillosis cause respiratory symptoms. Therefore, clinically we should promptly analyze the cause and carry out symptomatic treatment, and not use drugs blindly and instead cause side effects.
IV. Prevention and control measures
First and most importantly, prevent mycoplasma disease well and protect the epithelial cells of the respiratory mucosa. For the opening medication, drugs sensitive to mycoplasma disease and intestinal diseases should be selected: Haiwangxin (1) Diagnosing by listening to sounds
Classification of sounds
Common diseases
Coughing,clucking
Early stage of viral disease
Snoring,croaking of frogs
Viral disease + E. coli + mycoplasma
Screaming
Coccidiosis, enteritis, or infectious laryngotracheitis
Strange cries, dog-like barking
Virulent viral disease (such as avian influenza)
Wheezing, no obvious sound
Nephritis or mycosis
Dry cough
Early stage of Newcastle disease, mycoplasma
Nasal shaking,sniffling
Vaccine reaction, mycoplasma
(2) Preventive measures
Key age prevention plan
Shuanghuanglian series: Huduqing, Daxiongzuo
Main effects
Prevent various respiratory symptoms caused by mycoplasma, influenza, environmental stress, etc.
Usage method and timing
Preventive dose used continuously for 1-2 weeks. For broiler prevention, it is mainly used five hours after immunization, divided into two uses each day, morning and evening.
Precautions
This plan generally has poor effect on respiratory symptoms caused by mold or Newcastle disease, and attention should be paid to this in clinical diagnosis.
(3) Treatment approach for respiratory diseases - mainly symptomatic treatment
1For young chicks mainly with snoring and nasal shaking
Pu'erxing (Baihuqing, Guogensu) + Shengtaiqiang
2For chicks or flocks after 21 days with coughing, sneezing, strange cries, etc.
Yinhuang oral liquid + Qinkangning
3When it is difficult to judge, they can be used in combination
Pu'erxing + Yinhuang oral liquid + Shengtaiqiang- Apart from respiratory symptoms caused by mold, chlamydia, and typhoid, it can basically cure them.
Use medication according to the location of the lesions and the location of mucus
1. Upper respiratory tract infection - Ganshenkang + Qianglitai
2. Lower respiratory tract infection - Shuanghuanglian + Qinkangning or Gankuaihao
3. Mucus in the syrinx, dull snoring sound - Ganshenkang + Shengtaiqiang
4. Lung infection:
Lung necrosis, with yellow caseous material - Gankuaihao + Yimeikang
Lungs purple and congested - Dabukuai + Qihuangsu
5. Air sac infection, cloudy air sacs, with yellow-white caseous material - Gankuaihao + Qihuangsu
(4) Routine auxiliary treatment measures
1. Repair damaged respiratory mucosa, resist septicemia - VA, VC
2. Raise the house temperature and increase ventilation so the chickens can breathe freely
3. Strengthen disinfection with chickens present to reduce the microbial content in the house
Note: Respiratory symptoms are mostly viral diseases, so do not forget to add antiviral drugs
When the condition is severe, aerosol administration can be selected. Spray administration saves time and effort, and the drug is inhaled reliably, evenly, and with good efficacy; aerosol administration is especially suitable for flocks with severe mixed infection, near death, not eating or drinking, and severe air sac inflammation. Aerosol administration will quickly control death, rapidly relieve respiratory symptoms, reduce flock stress reactions, and help disease recovery.
Usage and precautions
1. Before aerosol administration, first use warm water mixed with disinfectant water to spray every corner of the chicken house, in order to first eliminate dust in the house and reduce the content of pathogenic microorganisms in the air
2. When administering, the nozzle should face upward and be about 80 cm from the chickens' heads
Aerosol treatment formula
Pu'erxing + azithromycin (tylosin, tiamulin, neomycin sulfate, penicillin-streptomycin, etc.)
Daxiongzuo + azithromycin (tylosin, tiamulin, neomycin sulfate, penicillin-streptomycin, etc.) + ammonium chloride
--------------------------------------
Thank you for sharing!
--------------------------------------
Oh, say no more. I have been devastated by this disease and threw away more than 10 piglets.
--------------------------------------
This post was last edited by Xiao Huatuo on 2009-12-6 13:16
Reply to 3#Liu Kaihua
Get medicine and quickly find someone to treat it! It is too serious! What are the symptoms?
The susceptibility of poultry to respiratory system diseases is not only related to the special physiological structure of poultry, but also closely related to management factors (non-disease factors) and non-management factors (disease factors). Let us explain these aspects below!
I. The particularity of the poultry respiratory system:
1. The respiratory system of poultry differs from that of mammals - it has 9 air sacs
2. There is no diaphragm! The respiratory tract and abdominal cavity are connected - peritonitis is common
3. The fixed position and performance of the lungs are poorer compared with mammals
4. The respiratory tract is relatively long
5. The endpoint of respiration is not the alveoli - the walls of the air sacs have no blood vessels - drugs cannot reach them through blood circulation - the abdominal air sacs are tightly connected with the abdominal cavity! (difficult to treat)
II. Management factors
1. Changes in environmental temperature
When the outside environmental temperature drops, the chicken house cannot be warmed in time, causing the flock to contract external cold and induced respiratory system diseases; when the chicken house temperature is too low, humidity is too high, ventilation is poor, and harmful gases exceed standards, the flock is prone to respiratory system diseases characterized by coughing, tracheal rales, and difficulty breathing.
In winter, stocking density is increased, and only attention is paid to insulation work while ventilation inside the chicken house is neglected, causing the air in the chicken house to become turbid, oxygen-deficient, and harmful gases to seriously exceed standards. Excessive stocking density and malnutrition in the flock lead to reduced resistance of the respiratory mucosa and induce respiratory system diseases.
2. Stress from vaccination
Immunizing the flock is simulating the mild onset process of a disease, so it will bring about immune reactions of varying intensity.
For example, commercial broilers are generally immunized against IBD at 14 days, and after immunization mild IBD symptoms and respiratory symptoms may appear. Generally, on the second day after immunization, the flock is prone to respiratory system disease symptoms such as nasal shaking. This is a normal vaccine stress reaction. If the body's resistance is strong and there is no pathogen infection, the symptoms disappear automatically after 2-3 days. However, in autumn and winter, the temperature difference between morning and evening is large, and susceptibility to cold-heat stress easily triggers respiratory system diseases.
3. Stimulation from the external environment
Highly irritating disinfectants such as Lysol can stimulate the respiratory mucosa, damaging the integrity of the epithelial cells of the respiratory mucosa and causing a series of respiratory symptoms such as nasal shaking, sneezing, and coughing.
The above stress factors can all damage the integrity of the respiratory mucosa, thereby causing respiratory symptoms, and they also reduce the protective capacity of the respiratory mucosa, causing pathogenic microorganisms to take the opportunity to invade and cause severe respiratory system diseases. In treating this type of respiratory disease, the main focus should be on management.
1) Maintain ventilation while keeping the chicken house temperature.
2) Reasonably plan the number of chicks introduced.
3) It is recommended to use Qihuangsu at an interval of 3 days before and after immunization to fill the immune blank period, quicklyraise the body's antibody level, alleviate vaccine stress reactions, and enhance the immune effect.
4) Ordinarily, the main thing is to improve the environment inside the chicken house, pay attention to ventilation, reduce the ammonia concentration in the house, and strengthen disinfection. It is recommended that everyone use 40°C water mixed with disinfectant water (iodine trioxide) to disinfect once every day.
III. Non-management factors
In a narrow sense, poultry respiratory system disease is the symptom of one type of disease. In a broad sense, poultry respiratory system disease is the general term for symptoms caused by one type of disease. For example, what is seen clinically: nasal shaking, sneezing, snoring, panting, coughing, etc., are only symptoms; diseases such as Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, infectious laryngotracheitis, chronic respiratory disease (mycoplasma), infectious coryza, and air sac type colibacillosis cause respiratory symptoms. Therefore, clinically we should promptly analyze the cause and carry out symptomatic treatment, and not use drugs blindly and instead cause side effects.
IV. Prevention and control measures
First and most importantly, prevent mycoplasma disease well and protect the epithelial cells of the respiratory mucosa. For the opening medication, drugs sensitive to mycoplasma disease and intestinal diseases should be selected: Haiwangxin (1) Diagnosing by listening to sounds
Classification of sounds
Common diseases
Coughing,clucking
Early stage of viral disease
Snoring,croaking of frogs
Viral disease + E. coli + mycoplasma
Screaming
Coccidiosis, enteritis, or infectious laryngotracheitis
Strange cries, dog-like barking
Virulent viral disease (such as avian influenza)
Wheezing, no obvious sound
Nephritis or mycosis
Dry cough
Early stage of Newcastle disease, mycoplasma
Nasal shaking,sniffling
Vaccine reaction, mycoplasma
(2) Preventive measures
Key age prevention plan
Shuanghuanglian series: Huduqing, Daxiongzuo
Main effects
Prevent various respiratory symptoms caused by mycoplasma, influenza, environmental stress, etc.
Usage method and timing
Preventive dose used continuously for 1-2 weeks. For broiler prevention, it is mainly used five hours after immunization, divided into two uses each day, morning and evening.
Precautions
This plan generally has poor effect on respiratory symptoms caused by mold or Newcastle disease, and attention should be paid to this in clinical diagnosis.
(3) Treatment approach for respiratory diseases - mainly symptomatic treatment
1For young chicks mainly with snoring and nasal shaking
Pu'erxing (Baihuqing, Guogensu) + Shengtaiqiang
2For chicks or flocks after 21 days with coughing, sneezing, strange cries, etc.
Yinhuang oral liquid + Qinkangning
3When it is difficult to judge, they can be used in combination
Pu'erxing + Yinhuang oral liquid + Shengtaiqiang- Apart from respiratory symptoms caused by mold, chlamydia, and typhoid, it can basically cure them.
Use medication according to the location of the lesions and the location of mucus
1. Upper respiratory tract infection - Ganshenkang + Qianglitai
2. Lower respiratory tract infection - Shuanghuanglian + Qinkangning or Gankuaihao
3. Mucus in the syrinx, dull snoring sound - Ganshenkang + Shengtaiqiang
4. Lung infection:
Lung necrosis, with yellow caseous material - Gankuaihao + Yimeikang
Lungs purple and congested - Dabukuai + Qihuangsu
5. Air sac infection, cloudy air sacs, with yellow-white caseous material - Gankuaihao + Qihuangsu
(4) Routine auxiliary treatment measures
1. Repair damaged respiratory mucosa, resist septicemia - VA, VC
2. Raise the house temperature and increase ventilation so the chickens can breathe freely
3. Strengthen disinfection with chickens present to reduce the microbial content in the house
Note: Respiratory symptoms are mostly viral diseases, so do not forget to add antiviral drugs
When the condition is severe, aerosol administration can be selected. Spray administration saves time and effort, and the drug is inhaled reliably, evenly, and with good efficacy; aerosol administration is especially suitable for flocks with severe mixed infection, near death, not eating or drinking, and severe air sac inflammation. Aerosol administration will quickly control death, rapidly relieve respiratory symptoms, reduce flock stress reactions, and help disease recovery.
Usage and precautions
1. Before aerosol administration, first use warm water mixed with disinfectant water to spray every corner of the chicken house, in order to first eliminate dust in the house and reduce the content of pathogenic microorganisms in the air
2. When administering, the nozzle should face upward and be about 80 cm from the chickens' heads
Aerosol treatment formula
Pu'erxing + azithromycin (tylosin, tiamulin, neomycin sulfate, penicillin-streptomycin, etc.)
Daxiongzuo + azithromycin (tylosin, tiamulin, neomycin sulfate, penicillin-streptomycin, etc.) + ammonium chloride
--------------------------------------
Thank you for sharing!
--------------------------------------
Oh, say no more. I have been devastated by this disease and threw away more than 10 piglets.
--------------------------------------
This post was last edited by Xiao Huatuo on 2009-12-6 13:16
Reply to 3#Liu Kaihua
Get medicine and quickly find someone to treat it! It is too serious! What are the symptoms?