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Does aquaculture feed need added choline? One article explains it clearly

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Discussion on whether or not to add choline to aquaculture feed!
Whether to add choline or not, consider the following points:
1. Fish have a certain requirement for choline, which can provide methyl donors and prevent fatty liver, among other functions.
2. If there are other similar additives, such as methionine, betaine, carnitine and other substances, the amount added can be adjusted according to the situation or they can completely replace it.
3. The choline content in the base formula ingredients can be considered, such as the choline content in rapeseed meal being as high as 6700; however, there is currently very little data on the utilization rate of choline in ingredients, and it has only been seen that channel catfish [utilization] for several ingredients is above 60, with animal sources higher than plant sources, but unfortunately there is no data for rapeseed meal.

wdy added the following content on 2009-4-7 17:37

I do not know whether it is correct or not, let us discuss actively

wdy added the following content on 2009-4-8 09:20

Why is there no opinion at all? Is it because choline is very cheap now, so it can be added casually?
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Add according to the amount of fat added to the feed and the health status of the fish,
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The amount in feed ingredients is not enough, choline still needs to be added separately.
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Choline still needs to be added separately

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