How to determine the cause of diarrhea based on piglet age
Check piglet age to identify the cause of diarrhea
Check piglet age to identify the cause of diarrhea
Diarrhea is one of the most common disease symptoms. Diarrhea in piglets caused by different diseases often has a certain age specificity. Understanding the age stage at which diarrhea symptoms appear is very helpful for determining the cause of diarrhea and applying scientific treatment.
1-3 days of age: Red dysentery mostly occurs, caused by Clostridium welchii type C. The course is extremely rapid, and sometimes pigs die without showing clinical symptoms. The main symptom is discharge of red-brown bloody feces with a fishy odor, and the mortality rate is extremely high. Prevention: inject 5-10 ml of red dysentery vaccine at 30 days and 15 days before farrowing. Treatment: because the course of this disease is too rapid, drug treatment often has poor results. When necessary, antibiotics and sulfonamides can be used. When piglets are just born, oral penicillin 100,000 units and streptomycin 500 mg, 2-3 times daily, can be used as emergency drug prevention.
2-3 days of age: After infection with reproductive and respiratory syndrome, abortion, premature birth, stillbirth, weak piglets, and mummified fetuses often occur. Premature piglets die immediately at birth or die several days later. Piglets from normal farrowing mostly develop diarrhea at 2-3 days of age, and premature piglets are even more severe. Piglets show increased body temperature, difficulty breathing, pasty diarrhea, and some pass gray or black tarry thin feces, with a few containing blood. Prevention: sows are immunized twice a year with inactivated vaccine, with each interval of 21 days. Attenuated vaccine is limited to piglets aged 3-18 weeks. At present there is no effective therapeutic drug. Affected piglets should have strengthened feeding management, be injected with antibiotics, and receive supportive therapy to prevent secondary infection and improve the survival rate of piglets.
1-7 days of age: Yellow dysentery mostly occurs, caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli. Affected pigs pass yellow mucus-like, foul-smelling thin feces. In severe cases, affected pigs have fecal incontinence, whole-body dehydration, quickly become emaciated, and the anus and vulva appear red. This disease mainly occurs in piglets from several hours after birth to within 7 days of age, most commonly at 1-3 days of age. Piglets over 7 days old rarely develop the disease. Its morbidity and mortality are extremely high, up to 90-100%. Prevention: inject Escherichia coli genetically engineered vaccine once each at 40 days and 15 days before farrowing (such as K88K99987P). Treatment: intramuscular injection of Lisuqing 2 ml; intramuscular injection of norfloxacin lactate 10-20 mg/kg body weight.
1-10 days of age: The incidence and mortality of transmissible gastroenteritis and epidemic diarrhea are relatively high. The epidemiological characteristics and clinical symptoms of these two diseases are very similar, and they mostly occur in cold seasons. First vomiting suddenly occurs, followed by severe watery diarrhea. The feces are yellow-green or gray, sometimes white, and contain curds. Affected pigs rapidly become dehydrated, body weight clearly declines, spirit is depressed, and feed intake decreases or stops. The mortality rate is as high as 50%-100%. Even after recovery, piglets gain weight slowly, growth and development are hindered, and they may even become runt pigs. Prevention: for farrowing in winter and spring, inject 3 ml of porcine epidemic diarrhea-transmissible gastroenteritis inactivated vaccine at the Houhai acupoint 30 days before farrowing. Treatment: drug treatment is not obvious. 5% glucose sodium chloride injection 20-30 ml, plus vitamin C 250 mg and vitamin B6 250 mg, can be injected intravenously, 2 times a day, while orally administering norfloxacin 30 mg and diphenoxylate tablets 10 mg.
8-15 days of age: Coccidiosis mostly occurs. After infection at this time, typical diarrhea symptoms appear, and some people also call it "ten-day-old diarrhea." The main clinical symptom is diarrhea. The color of the diarrhea can range from white to yellow, and the consistency can range from gruel-like to watery, but bloody feces do not appear. Piglets gradually become emaciated, growth rate decreases, and growth and development within the same litter are uneven. Prevention and treatment: piglets and adult pigs should be raised in separate groups, pens should be kept clean, and affected pigs should be isolated and treated promptly when found. For treatment, potentiated sulfonamide preparation 25-30 mg/kg can be given orally or by intramuscular injection, continuously for 5-7 days, with relatively good results. Drugs such as robenidine, monensin, maduramicin, and Sanzi Coccidiosis Powder can also be used.
10-30 days of age: White dysentery mostly occurs, caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli. Gray-white pasty thin feces are passed, with a fishy odor, adhering to the anus and hind limbs. Affected pigs have poor appetite, dehydration, and emaciation, with little change in body temperature. For prevention and treatment methods, refer to piglet yellow dysentery.
10-60 days of age: Rotavirus disease mostly occurs, more common in cold seasons, often mixed with white dysentery infection. It occurs only in piglets within 2 months of age, and adult pigs are latent carriers. Affected piglets are depressed, have reduced appetite, often vomit, and rapidly develop diarrhea. The feces are watery or pasty, yellow-white or dark black. The longer the diarrhea, the more obvious the dehydration. At present there is no specific drug treatment. After onset, stop suckling and immediately orally administer or intravenously inject 5%-10% glucose saline and 3%-10% sodium bicarbonate solution, and use antibiotics or sulfonamides to prevent secondary bacterial infection, with relatively good results.
15-90 days of age: Strongyloides mostly occurs, especially more severe at 15-30 days of age, and incidence is higher in humid and hot seasons. When a large number of Strongyloides parasitize the small intestine, the small intestine becomes congested, hemorrhagic, and ulcerated. Affected pigs become emaciated, anemic, and diarrheic, and the feces contain blood or mucus, finally dying from extreme exhaustion. Prevention should focus on keeping pens and exercise yards dry and clean. Treatment can use albendazole 20 mg/kg orally, or ivermectin 0.3-0.4 mg/kg orally.
After weaning: (1) Infection with atypical swine fever causes abortion, mummified fetuses, stillbirths, and weak piglets. Some show symptoms such as depression, intermittent diarrhea, and incoordination after birth, and often die within 2-3 days. They grow well during the suckling period, but once weaned, piglets show body temperature rising to about 41°C, anorexia, and stubborn diarrhea. The feces change from brown to yellow. In the later stage, due to anal incontinence, feces run down along the hind legs, with an extremely foul odor. The pigs rapidly become emaciated, and the skin of the lower abdomen and ear base shows purplish-red congestion. Treatment is ineffective, and death occurs in about 1 week. Prevention: sows should receive one supplementary vaccination before mating, boars twice a year, and piglets immunized twice at 20-25 days and 60-70 days of age. (2) Sows infected with pseudorabies abort, produce stillbirths, and mummified fetuses, and newborn piglets show lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea, etc., and die in large numbers. Pseudorabies virus causes disease and death in weaned piglets, mainly manifesting as neurological symptoms, diarrhea, vomiting, etc. The incidence rate is 20-40%, and the mortality rate is 10-20%. There is currently no effective treatment for this disease. Prevention: breeding piglets should be immunized once with porcine pseudorabies inactivated vaccine or attenuated vaccine at weaning, boosted once after 4-6 weeks, and then vaccinated once every six months; pregnant sows should be boosted once 30 days before farrowing, and piglets for fattening should be injected once at 30-35 days of age.
50-90 days of age: Dysentery (bloody dysentery) mostly occurs, caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. The most acute type often shows no symptoms and death occurs within several hours. Acute cases begin to pass yellow to gray soft feces, have reduced appetite, and body temperature rises to 40-40.5°C. Later they pass feces containing large amounts of mucus or blood streaks, with arched back, tucked abdomen, dehydration, increased thirst, emaciation, weakness, and ataxia. This case type is the most common. Chronic cases have milder symptoms, manifesting as repeated diarrhea, occasionally passing gray-white thin feces with mucus and mixed with black blood, anemia, emaciation, hindered growth and development, and becoming runt pigs. Treatment: 0.5% Lijunjing liquid can be injected intramuscularly at 0.5 ml/kg body weight, or erythromycin 1-3 mg/kg injected intramuscularly twice daily for 2-3 consecutive days. For severe diarrhea, symptomatic treatment such as fluid replacement and cardiac support should also be used.
60-120 days of age: Paratyphoid mostly occurs, caused by Salmonella infection. Clinically, the chronic type is more common, with body temperature elevated or normal, periodic diarrhea, and feces pale yellow, yellow-brown, or green, with a foul odor, mixed with blood and pseudomembranes. Some have coughing and skin rashes, etc. Prevention: piglets over 1 month of age are injected intramuscularly with 1 ml of piglet paratyphoid attenuated freeze-dried vaccine. Treatment: enrofloxacin injected intramuscularly at 5 mg/kg body weight, twice daily; gentamicin 10,000-15,000 units/kg, twice daily by intramuscular injection or oral administration.
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Thank you for sharing!
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Very good information! Thank you, OP
Diarrhea is one of the most common disease symptoms. Diarrhea in piglets caused by different diseases often has a certain age specificity. Understanding the age stage at which diarrhea symptoms appear is very helpful for determining the cause of diarrhea and applying scientific treatment.
1-3 days of age: Red dysentery mostly occurs, caused by Clostridium welchii type C. The course is extremely rapid, and sometimes pigs die without showing clinical symptoms. The main symptom is discharge of red-brown bloody feces with a fishy odor, and the mortality rate is extremely high. Prevention: inject 5-10 ml of red dysentery vaccine at 30 days and 15 days before farrowing. Treatment: because the course of this disease is too rapid, drug treatment often has poor results. When necessary, antibiotics and sulfonamides can be used. When piglets are just born, oral penicillin 100,000 units and streptomycin 500 mg, 2-3 times daily, can be used as emergency drug prevention.
2-3 days of age: After infection with reproductive and respiratory syndrome, abortion, premature birth, stillbirth, weak piglets, and mummified fetuses often occur. Premature piglets die immediately at birth or die several days later. Piglets from normal farrowing mostly develop diarrhea at 2-3 days of age, and premature piglets are even more severe. Piglets show increased body temperature, difficulty breathing, pasty diarrhea, and some pass gray or black tarry thin feces, with a few containing blood. Prevention: sows are immunized twice a year with inactivated vaccine, with each interval of 21 days. Attenuated vaccine is limited to piglets aged 3-18 weeks. At present there is no effective therapeutic drug. Affected piglets should have strengthened feeding management, be injected with antibiotics, and receive supportive therapy to prevent secondary infection and improve the survival rate of piglets.
1-7 days of age: Yellow dysentery mostly occurs, caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli. Affected pigs pass yellow mucus-like, foul-smelling thin feces. In severe cases, affected pigs have fecal incontinence, whole-body dehydration, quickly become emaciated, and the anus and vulva appear red. This disease mainly occurs in piglets from several hours after birth to within 7 days of age, most commonly at 1-3 days of age. Piglets over 7 days old rarely develop the disease. Its morbidity and mortality are extremely high, up to 90-100%. Prevention: inject Escherichia coli genetically engineered vaccine once each at 40 days and 15 days before farrowing (such as K88K99987P). Treatment: intramuscular injection of Lisuqing 2 ml; intramuscular injection of norfloxacin lactate 10-20 mg/kg body weight.
1-10 days of age: The incidence and mortality of transmissible gastroenteritis and epidemic diarrhea are relatively high. The epidemiological characteristics and clinical symptoms of these two diseases are very similar, and they mostly occur in cold seasons. First vomiting suddenly occurs, followed by severe watery diarrhea. The feces are yellow-green or gray, sometimes white, and contain curds. Affected pigs rapidly become dehydrated, body weight clearly declines, spirit is depressed, and feed intake decreases or stops. The mortality rate is as high as 50%-100%. Even after recovery, piglets gain weight slowly, growth and development are hindered, and they may even become runt pigs. Prevention: for farrowing in winter and spring, inject 3 ml of porcine epidemic diarrhea-transmissible gastroenteritis inactivated vaccine at the Houhai acupoint 30 days before farrowing. Treatment: drug treatment is not obvious. 5% glucose sodium chloride injection 20-30 ml, plus vitamin C 250 mg and vitamin B6 250 mg, can be injected intravenously, 2 times a day, while orally administering norfloxacin 30 mg and diphenoxylate tablets 10 mg.
8-15 days of age: Coccidiosis mostly occurs. After infection at this time, typical diarrhea symptoms appear, and some people also call it "ten-day-old diarrhea." The main clinical symptom is diarrhea. The color of the diarrhea can range from white to yellow, and the consistency can range from gruel-like to watery, but bloody feces do not appear. Piglets gradually become emaciated, growth rate decreases, and growth and development within the same litter are uneven. Prevention and treatment: piglets and adult pigs should be raised in separate groups, pens should be kept clean, and affected pigs should be isolated and treated promptly when found. For treatment, potentiated sulfonamide preparation 25-30 mg/kg can be given orally or by intramuscular injection, continuously for 5-7 days, with relatively good results. Drugs such as robenidine, monensin, maduramicin, and Sanzi Coccidiosis Powder can also be used.
10-30 days of age: White dysentery mostly occurs, caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli. Gray-white pasty thin feces are passed, with a fishy odor, adhering to the anus and hind limbs. Affected pigs have poor appetite, dehydration, and emaciation, with little change in body temperature. For prevention and treatment methods, refer to piglet yellow dysentery.
10-60 days of age: Rotavirus disease mostly occurs, more common in cold seasons, often mixed with white dysentery infection. It occurs only in piglets within 2 months of age, and adult pigs are latent carriers. Affected piglets are depressed, have reduced appetite, often vomit, and rapidly develop diarrhea. The feces are watery or pasty, yellow-white or dark black. The longer the diarrhea, the more obvious the dehydration. At present there is no specific drug treatment. After onset, stop suckling and immediately orally administer or intravenously inject 5%-10% glucose saline and 3%-10% sodium bicarbonate solution, and use antibiotics or sulfonamides to prevent secondary bacterial infection, with relatively good results.
15-90 days of age: Strongyloides mostly occurs, especially more severe at 15-30 days of age, and incidence is higher in humid and hot seasons. When a large number of Strongyloides parasitize the small intestine, the small intestine becomes congested, hemorrhagic, and ulcerated. Affected pigs become emaciated, anemic, and diarrheic, and the feces contain blood or mucus, finally dying from extreme exhaustion. Prevention should focus on keeping pens and exercise yards dry and clean. Treatment can use albendazole 20 mg/kg orally, or ivermectin 0.3-0.4 mg/kg orally.
After weaning: (1) Infection with atypical swine fever causes abortion, mummified fetuses, stillbirths, and weak piglets. Some show symptoms such as depression, intermittent diarrhea, and incoordination after birth, and often die within 2-3 days. They grow well during the suckling period, but once weaned, piglets show body temperature rising to about 41°C, anorexia, and stubborn diarrhea. The feces change from brown to yellow. In the later stage, due to anal incontinence, feces run down along the hind legs, with an extremely foul odor. The pigs rapidly become emaciated, and the skin of the lower abdomen and ear base shows purplish-red congestion. Treatment is ineffective, and death occurs in about 1 week. Prevention: sows should receive one supplementary vaccination before mating, boars twice a year, and piglets immunized twice at 20-25 days and 60-70 days of age. (2) Sows infected with pseudorabies abort, produce stillbirths, and mummified fetuses, and newborn piglets show lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea, etc., and die in large numbers. Pseudorabies virus causes disease and death in weaned piglets, mainly manifesting as neurological symptoms, diarrhea, vomiting, etc. The incidence rate is 20-40%, and the mortality rate is 10-20%. There is currently no effective treatment for this disease. Prevention: breeding piglets should be immunized once with porcine pseudorabies inactivated vaccine or attenuated vaccine at weaning, boosted once after 4-6 weeks, and then vaccinated once every six months; pregnant sows should be boosted once 30 days before farrowing, and piglets for fattening should be injected once at 30-35 days of age.
50-90 days of age: Dysentery (bloody dysentery) mostly occurs, caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. The most acute type often shows no symptoms and death occurs within several hours. Acute cases begin to pass yellow to gray soft feces, have reduced appetite, and body temperature rises to 40-40.5°C. Later they pass feces containing large amounts of mucus or blood streaks, with arched back, tucked abdomen, dehydration, increased thirst, emaciation, weakness, and ataxia. This case type is the most common. Chronic cases have milder symptoms, manifesting as repeated diarrhea, occasionally passing gray-white thin feces with mucus and mixed with black blood, anemia, emaciation, hindered growth and development, and becoming runt pigs. Treatment: 0.5% Lijunjing liquid can be injected intramuscularly at 0.5 ml/kg body weight, or erythromycin 1-3 mg/kg injected intramuscularly twice daily for 2-3 consecutive days. For severe diarrhea, symptomatic treatment such as fluid replacement and cardiac support should also be used.
60-120 days of age: Paratyphoid mostly occurs, caused by Salmonella infection. Clinically, the chronic type is more common, with body temperature elevated or normal, periodic diarrhea, and feces pale yellow, yellow-brown, or green, with a foul odor, mixed with blood and pseudomembranes. Some have coughing and skin rashes, etc. Prevention: piglets over 1 month of age are injected intramuscularly with 1 ml of piglet paratyphoid attenuated freeze-dried vaccine. Treatment: enrofloxacin injected intramuscularly at 5 mg/kg body weight, twice daily; gentamicin 10,000-15,000 units/kg, twice daily by intramuscular injection or oral administration.
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Thank you for sharing!
--------------------------------------
Very good information! Thank you, OP