Technical Recommendations for the Prevention and Control of Diseases, Insects and Weeds During the Wheat Sowing Period
Technical Recommendations for the Prevention and Control of Diseases, Insects and Weeds During the Wheat Sowing Period
According to a survey on September 17, underground pests occurred to varying degrees in corn, cotton and other plots in our county. In corn fields, white grubs were the main pest. Light trapping this year showed that mole crickets and crickets were both higher than last year. In addition, wheat sharp eyespot, take-all disease and smut were relatively severe this year. To ensure the safety of wheat production and secure a bumper summer grain harvest next year, the following technical recommendations for pest and disease control are hereby proposed:
I. Agricultural Measures
1. Select excellent varieties: Carefully selecting good seed is a prerequisite for preventing the occurrence of major pests and diseases. Wheat from fields where wheat take-all disease or smut has occurred must never be used as seed again.
2. Crop rotation: For plots with severe take-all disease, rotating with non-host crops such as cotton and vegetables for 2-3 years can effectively control the occurrence of take-all disease and other pests and diseases.
3. Rational formula fertilization: Where conditions permit, follow the requirements of the soil testing and formula fertilization recommendation card, apply sufficient organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer, appropriately increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and trace element fertilizers such as zinc and manganese, and carry out fine land preparation to promote wheat root development and improve disease resistance and stress resistance.
4. Suitable delayed sowing: Delayed sowing of wheat can effectively shorten the infection time of pathogens, reduce the severity of take-all disease, root rot and sharp eyespot, and at the same time reduce damage from underground pests such as soil locusts, planthoppers and crickets.
II. Seed Dressing with Chemicals
1. Seed dressing with insecticides: To control various underground pests such as mole crickets, wireworms and white grubs, use 200 ml of 50% phoxim or 200 ml of 40% isofenphos-methyl emulsifiable concentrate, add 5 kg of water, and dress 100 kg of wheat seed. After dressing, pile and cover for 2-3 hours, then air-dry before sowing. Note that the amount of pesticide used must not exceed 0.2% of the seed weight, so as not to affect germination. If only controlling mole crickets, you may also use 1 kg of 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate, add 40-60 kg of water, and dress 400-600 kg of seed, piling and covering for more than 4 hours. These seed dressing measures can also effectively control aphids and small brown planthoppers occurring early, and control the occurrence of yellow dwarf disease and rosette dwarf disease.
2. Seed dressing with fungicides
(1) Seed dressing for wheat fields with take-all disease. ① Use 200-300 ml of 12.5% silthiopham (silthiopham), add 1000 ml of water, dress 100 kg of wheat seed, stir evenly and pile and cover for 3 hours; ② Use 0.8% xiaoshijing aqueous suspension concentrate, add 3000 g of the agent directly per 100 kg of seed for seed dressing, pile and cover for 4 hours, then naturally air-dry before use.
(2) Seed dressing for wheat fields with other diseases. Generally use 6% tebuconazole suspension seed coating agent at 0.03%-0.05% of seed amount (active ingredient) for seed dressing, and pile and cover for 6 hours; or use 6-9 g of 3% difenoconazole with 1000 ml of water to dress 100 kg of wheat seed, and pile and cover for 3 hours. This can effectively control the occurrence and spread of wheat loose smut, stinking smut and early root rot, sharp eyespot, powdery mildew and other diseases.
3. Mixed seed dressing
In areas where diseases and insect pests occur together, the above fungicides and insecticides can be selected for simultaneous seed dressing to achieve the effect of one dressing preventing multiple problems. However, note: first dress with insecticide, pile and cover and air-dry, then dress with fungicide; first dress with emulsifiable concentrate, wait for absorption and air-dry, then dress with powder.
III. Prevention and Control of Pests and Diseases at the Autumn Seedling Stage
1. Weed control measures:
(1) To control grass weeds, carry out treatment at the 3-5 leaf stage of wheat and the 2-4 leaf stage of weeds. For bromegrass, use 3 g of 70% biaohu per mu plus a dedicated adjuvant in 30 kg of water for spraying; for jointed goatgrass, use 30-40 ml of 3% shima per mu plus a dedicated adjuvant in 30 kg of water for spraying.
(2) To control broadleaf weeds, before the wheat field freezes, when applying the freezing water or taking advantage of moist surface soil after rain, select tribenuron-methyl for spray control.
2. Pest control measures: After wheat emerges, immediately investigate and control underground pests such as soil locusts and crickets, as well as virus-transmitting insects such as aphids and small brown planthoppers. When there are 5 locusts or crickets per square meter, immediately apply pesticide for control. Specific methods:
(1) Broadcast poisoned bait: Use 50 ml of 4.5% beta-cypermethrin per mu with 3 kg of water, mix with 2.5 kg of roasted wheat bran to make poisoned bait, and broadcast it in the wheat field in the evening.
(2) Spray control: Spray with organophosphorus pesticide at 1000 times dilution or pyrethroid pesticide at 2000 times dilution. To control aphids and small brown planthoppers, choose 4.5% beta-cypermethrin at 2000 times dilution for spraying or 20% acetamiprid at 3000 times dilution for spraying, to prevent the occurrence of viral diseases.
I. Agricultural Measures
1. Select excellent varieties: Carefully selecting good seed is a prerequisite for preventing the occurrence of major pests and diseases. Wheat from fields where wheat take-all disease or smut has occurred must never be used as seed again.
2. Crop rotation: For plots with severe take-all disease, rotating with non-host crops such as cotton and vegetables for 2-3 years can effectively control the occurrence of take-all disease and other pests and diseases.
3. Rational formula fertilization: Where conditions permit, follow the requirements of the soil testing and formula fertilization recommendation card, apply sufficient organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer, appropriately increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and trace element fertilizers such as zinc and manganese, and carry out fine land preparation to promote wheat root development and improve disease resistance and stress resistance.
4. Suitable delayed sowing: Delayed sowing of wheat can effectively shorten the infection time of pathogens, reduce the severity of take-all disease, root rot and sharp eyespot, and at the same time reduce damage from underground pests such as soil locusts, planthoppers and crickets.
II. Seed Dressing with Chemicals
1. Seed dressing with insecticides: To control various underground pests such as mole crickets, wireworms and white grubs, use 200 ml of 50% phoxim or 200 ml of 40% isofenphos-methyl emulsifiable concentrate, add 5 kg of water, and dress 100 kg of wheat seed. After dressing, pile and cover for 2-3 hours, then air-dry before sowing. Note that the amount of pesticide used must not exceed 0.2% of the seed weight, so as not to affect germination. If only controlling mole crickets, you may also use 1 kg of 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate, add 40-60 kg of water, and dress 400-600 kg of seed, piling and covering for more than 4 hours. These seed dressing measures can also effectively control aphids and small brown planthoppers occurring early, and control the occurrence of yellow dwarf disease and rosette dwarf disease.
2. Seed dressing with fungicides
(1) Seed dressing for wheat fields with take-all disease. ① Use 200-300 ml of 12.5% silthiopham (silthiopham), add 1000 ml of water, dress 100 kg of wheat seed, stir evenly and pile and cover for 3 hours; ② Use 0.8% xiaoshijing aqueous suspension concentrate, add 3000 g of the agent directly per 100 kg of seed for seed dressing, pile and cover for 4 hours, then naturally air-dry before use.
(2) Seed dressing for wheat fields with other diseases. Generally use 6% tebuconazole suspension seed coating agent at 0.03%-0.05% of seed amount (active ingredient) for seed dressing, and pile and cover for 6 hours; or use 6-9 g of 3% difenoconazole with 1000 ml of water to dress 100 kg of wheat seed, and pile and cover for 3 hours. This can effectively control the occurrence and spread of wheat loose smut, stinking smut and early root rot, sharp eyespot, powdery mildew and other diseases.
3. Mixed seed dressing
In areas where diseases and insect pests occur together, the above fungicides and insecticides can be selected for simultaneous seed dressing to achieve the effect of one dressing preventing multiple problems. However, note: first dress with insecticide, pile and cover and air-dry, then dress with fungicide; first dress with emulsifiable concentrate, wait for absorption and air-dry, then dress with powder.
III. Prevention and Control of Pests and Diseases at the Autumn Seedling Stage
1. Weed control measures:
(1) To control grass weeds, carry out treatment at the 3-5 leaf stage of wheat and the 2-4 leaf stage of weeds. For bromegrass, use 3 g of 70% biaohu per mu plus a dedicated adjuvant in 30 kg of water for spraying; for jointed goatgrass, use 30-40 ml of 3% shima per mu plus a dedicated adjuvant in 30 kg of water for spraying.
(2) To control broadleaf weeds, before the wheat field freezes, when applying the freezing water or taking advantage of moist surface soil after rain, select tribenuron-methyl for spray control.
2. Pest control measures: After wheat emerges, immediately investigate and control underground pests such as soil locusts and crickets, as well as virus-transmitting insects such as aphids and small brown planthoppers. When there are 5 locusts or crickets per square meter, immediately apply pesticide for control. Specific methods:
(1) Broadcast poisoned bait: Use 50 ml of 4.5% beta-cypermethrin per mu with 3 kg of water, mix with 2.5 kg of roasted wheat bran to make poisoned bait, and broadcast it in the wheat field in the evening.
(2) Spray control: Spray with organophosphorus pesticide at 1000 times dilution or pyrethroid pesticide at 2000 times dilution. To control aphids and small brown planthoppers, choose 4.5% beta-cypermethrin at 2000 times dilution for spraying or 20% acetamiprid at 3000 times dilution for spraying, to prevent the occurrence of viral diseases.