Recommendations for pest and disease control during wheat sowing and seedling stages
Recommendations for pest and disease control during wheat sowing and seedling stages
Wheat sowing is about to begin. To ensure the smooth emergence of wheat in our city and a bumper harvest next year, it is very important to pay attention to pest and disease control during sowing and the seedling stage. This period is not only a good time to control underground pests, but also a critical period for controlling various soil-borne diseases and systemic infection diseases, such as take-all, smut (bunt) and early sheath blight, root rot, etc. Therefore, this year we should strongly promote seed dressing with chemicals and autumn weed control techniques. In order to effectively control pest and disease damage, the following recommendations for pest and disease control during sowing and the seedling stage are proposed:
I. Agricultural measures
1. Before sowing, plow and turn the soil to remove stubble, and clear weeds in the fields, at field edges and in ditches, to minimize the suitable environment for pests such as soil locusts, crickets and small brown planthoppers and the sources of various disease pathogens.
2. Sow late at the appropriate time. Implementing the technique of sowing wheat late at the appropriate time can effectively reduce the time for pathogen infection and lessen the occurrence of take-all, root rot, sheath blight, etc.
3. Select excellent varieties with disease resistance and tolerance.
II. Seed dressing with chemicals
Seed dressing with chemicals is the most economical and effective method for controlling many pests and diseases. The main pests occurring on wheat in our city, such as underground pests, soil locusts, small brown planthoppers and early aphids, as well as most diseases, can all be well controlled through seed dressing with chemicals.
1. To control wheat loose smut, stinking smut and early root rot, sheath blight, powdery mildew and other diseases, use 6% tebuconazole suspension seed coating agent, dressing seeds at 0.03%-0.05% of seed weight (active ingredient), and pile and cover for 6 hours; or use 6-9 grams of 3% difenoconazole mixed with 1000 milliliters of water to dress 100 kilograms of wheat seed, or 3.75-5 grams of 2.5% fludioxonil mixed with 1000 milliliters of water to dress 100 kilograms of wheat seed, and pile and cover for 3 hours.
2. To control underground pests such as wireworms, white grubs and mole crickets, use 200 milliliters of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, mixed with 5 kilograms of water, to dress 100 kilograms of wheat seed; after dressing, pile and cover for 2-3 hours, dry and then sow. Note that the concentration must not exceed 0.2% of seed weight, so as not to affect germination. These seed dressing measures can also effectively control early-occurring aphids and small brown planthoppers, and control the occurrence of yellow dwarf disease and bushy stunt disease.
3. In areas where diseases and pests occur together, the above fungicides and insecticides can be selected for simultaneous seed dressing to achieve the effect of one dressing controlling multiple problems, but note: first dress with insecticide, pile and cover the seed, dry it, and then dress with fungicide; first dress with emulsifiable concentrate, wait for absorption and drying, and then dress with powder.
III. Control of pests and diseases during the autumn seedling stage
1. To control soil locusts, pyrethroid pesticides can be used for spraying or poisoned bait control. Generally, use 50 milliliters of a pyrethroid pesticide such as beta-cypermethrin microemulsion per mu, mixed with 5-10 kilograms of wheat bran, and scatter it in the wheat field after 10 a.m. It can also be controlled by spraying 30-60 ml of 4.5% beta-cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate per mu, with emphasis on field edges and special environments.
2. To control aphids and small brown planthoppers, spray with 4.5% beta-cypermethrin at 2000 times dilution or 20% acetamiprid at 3000 times dilution, to prevent the occurrence of viral diseases.
IV. Vigorously promote autumn weed control
1. For biennial broadleaf weeds such as flixweed, shepherd's purse and lambsquarters, promptly select tribenuron-methyl, 2,4-D butyl ester, etc. for spraying control at the 2-4 leaf stage after emergence. Among them, 2,4-D butyl ester can be reduced by 1/3 of the conventional dosage in autumn application to prevent phytotoxicity, and note that the spray equipment must be dedicated.
2. This year, malignant grass weeds were found in some counties of our city, and autumn control is key. Therefore, in areas where malignant grass weeds occur, at the 3-5 leaf stage of wheat and the 2-4 leaf stage of weeds, select 70% Puma (flucarbazone-sodium) for spray control.
3. In areas where malignant grass weeds and broadleaf weeds occur together, the corresponding herbicide varieties above can be selected for mixed spraying.
I. Agricultural measures
1. Before sowing, plow and turn the soil to remove stubble, and clear weeds in the fields, at field edges and in ditches, to minimize the suitable environment for pests such as soil locusts, crickets and small brown planthoppers and the sources of various disease pathogens.
2. Sow late at the appropriate time. Implementing the technique of sowing wheat late at the appropriate time can effectively reduce the time for pathogen infection and lessen the occurrence of take-all, root rot, sheath blight, etc.
3. Select excellent varieties with disease resistance and tolerance.
II. Seed dressing with chemicals
Seed dressing with chemicals is the most economical and effective method for controlling many pests and diseases. The main pests occurring on wheat in our city, such as underground pests, soil locusts, small brown planthoppers and early aphids, as well as most diseases, can all be well controlled through seed dressing with chemicals.
1. To control wheat loose smut, stinking smut and early root rot, sheath blight, powdery mildew and other diseases, use 6% tebuconazole suspension seed coating agent, dressing seeds at 0.03%-0.05% of seed weight (active ingredient), and pile and cover for 6 hours; or use 6-9 grams of 3% difenoconazole mixed with 1000 milliliters of water to dress 100 kilograms of wheat seed, or 3.75-5 grams of 2.5% fludioxonil mixed with 1000 milliliters of water to dress 100 kilograms of wheat seed, and pile and cover for 3 hours.
2. To control underground pests such as wireworms, white grubs and mole crickets, use 200 milliliters of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, mixed with 5 kilograms of water, to dress 100 kilograms of wheat seed; after dressing, pile and cover for 2-3 hours, dry and then sow. Note that the concentration must not exceed 0.2% of seed weight, so as not to affect germination. These seed dressing measures can also effectively control early-occurring aphids and small brown planthoppers, and control the occurrence of yellow dwarf disease and bushy stunt disease.
3. In areas where diseases and pests occur together, the above fungicides and insecticides can be selected for simultaneous seed dressing to achieve the effect of one dressing controlling multiple problems, but note: first dress with insecticide, pile and cover the seed, dry it, and then dress with fungicide; first dress with emulsifiable concentrate, wait for absorption and drying, and then dress with powder.
III. Control of pests and diseases during the autumn seedling stage
1. To control soil locusts, pyrethroid pesticides can be used for spraying or poisoned bait control. Generally, use 50 milliliters of a pyrethroid pesticide such as beta-cypermethrin microemulsion per mu, mixed with 5-10 kilograms of wheat bran, and scatter it in the wheat field after 10 a.m. It can also be controlled by spraying 30-60 ml of 4.5% beta-cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate per mu, with emphasis on field edges and special environments.
2. To control aphids and small brown planthoppers, spray with 4.5% beta-cypermethrin at 2000 times dilution or 20% acetamiprid at 3000 times dilution, to prevent the occurrence of viral diseases.
IV. Vigorously promote autumn weed control
1. For biennial broadleaf weeds such as flixweed, shepherd's purse and lambsquarters, promptly select tribenuron-methyl, 2,4-D butyl ester, etc. for spraying control at the 2-4 leaf stage after emergence. Among them, 2,4-D butyl ester can be reduced by 1/3 of the conventional dosage in autumn application to prevent phytotoxicity, and note that the spray equipment must be dedicated.
2. This year, malignant grass weeds were found in some counties of our city, and autumn control is key. Therefore, in areas where malignant grass weeds occur, at the 3-5 leaf stage of wheat and the 2-4 leaf stage of weeds, select 70% Puma (flucarbazone-sodium) for spray control.
3. In areas where malignant grass weeds and broadleaf weeds occur together, the corresponding herbicide varieties above can be selected for mixed spraying.