How to grow autumn radishes well? Key cultivation techniques

It is time again for planting autumn radishes. Plant autumn radishes at the right time to ensure good quality and high yield. The following tasks should be done well.
1. Land preparation and fertilization. For radish plots, it is best to choose deep, fertile, loose and well-aerated sandy loam soil, but do not choose a plot that follows a cruciferous vegetable crop. Radishes rely mainly on base fertilizer, with topdressing as a supplement. While preparing the land, apply 3000 kg of fully decomposed high-quality farmyard manure per mu, together with an appropriate amount of chemical 2.
Sow at the right time. Autumn radishes should be sown from late July to mid-August. Before sowing, form high ridges 30 cm wide and 15 cm high, with ditches 20 cm wide. Because transplanting survival rates are very poor, direct seeding is generally used for spot sowing, with 50 cm row spacing, 25 cm plant spacing, and sowing depth of 1.5 cm, sowing 3-5 seeds per hole. When the seedlings produce 2 true leaves, thin them, taking care to remove the weak and keep the strong, leaving 2-3 plants per hole.
3. Field management. The early growth stage of autumn radishes occurs in the hot, rainy season, so weeds should be removed and the soil cultivated in time. Cultivation should follow the principle of shallow first, then deep, then shallow again. After final thinning, the first cultivation should be shallow, just breaking the soil surface; later cultivations may be appropriately deeper, but must not damage the roots, to prevent root rot or splitting. Topdress in combination with irrigation, applying 15-20 kg of ammonium sulfate per mu near the seedlings about 10 cm away, and after an interval of 15 days, apply human feces and urine 1-2 more times, each time 1000 kg per mu. When the seedlings have 4-5 true leaves, “belly breaking” occurs. Before belly breaking, water less to encourage the taproot to grow downward. Generally, after the top of the fleshy root appears above the ground and its diameter is nearly 2 cm, attention should be paid to fertilization and irrigation. Water shortage at this time will cause hollowing, hard flesh and a spicy taste, reducing yield.
4. Pest and disease control. For root maggots, use 90% trichlorfon crystal at 500 times dilution as a soil drench to kill the maggots; for cabbage webworm and imported cabbageworm, use 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate at 1000 times dilution or 20% triazophos emulsifiable concentrate at 700 times dilution, etc.; for cabbage aphids, use 70% menazon wettable powder at 2000 times dilution; for diseases such as downy mildew, use 65% mancozeb wettable powder at 500-600 times dilution, etc.
5. Harvest at the right time. Radishes are generally ready for harvest after the fleshy root has fully enlarged, and autumn radishes intended for storage should be harvested promptly before the ground freezes.