How to raise wild boars well? Mastering these breeding techniques is key
How to raise wild boars well
1. Pen design: divided into an inner den and an outer den. The inner den is the place for the "wild boar" to eat and sleep, with an area of about 3.5 m long and 2.5 m wide; the outer den is the place for exercise, sunbathing and drinking water, equipped with a water trough, with an area 1.5 times that of the inner den. Both the inner and outer dens are paved with cement and mortar, but they must not be too smooth, and should be slightly sloped so as to facilitate urination and washing, and keep the pen dry, clean and hygienic. The difference between wild boar pens and domestic pig pens is that a passage must be built 1.2 m away from the outer den, so that the breeding boar can enter the pen of any sow in heat to mate, and then return to its original den through the passage for rearing.
2. Feed formula: cornmeal 22%, wheat bran 30%, bean dregs or a little soybean 5%, sanqi bran 22%, green feed 20%. In addition, amino acids (per head per day) 15-40 g, iodized salt 0.5%, bone meal 0.5%.
3. Prevention and treatment of major diseases:
(1) Prevention and treatment of swine fever: inject 5 ml of anti-swine fever serum intramuscularly each time, twice a day, for 3-4 consecutive days; a large dose (230-50 doses) of attenuated swine fever vaccine can also be given by a single subcutaneous intramuscular injection.
(2) Prevention and treatment of swine pneumonia vaccine: first inject penicillin 1.8 million × 2 intramuscularly (for body weight below 75 kg), then inject ofloxacin 5 ml × 2, twice a day, for three days, with excellent results.
(3) Prevention and treatment of swine erysipelas: this disease is also called "fire stamp."
For prevention and treatment, penicillin can be given by deep intramuscular injection at 40,000 units per kg of body weight, twice a day, for 3-5 consecutive days, combined with wiping the pig's body with strong soapy water until the soap foam covers the pig's body, which has a remarkable effect.
Key points for the feeding and management of breeding sows
① Feed amount: the daily feed amount is between 2.5 kg and 3.0 kg, fed 3-4 times a day.
② Estrus: generally comes into heat about 5-7 days after the piglets are weaned, each estrous cycle is between 18-24 days, and the duration within the estrous period is 48-72 hours. The obvious symptom of estrus is 24 hours after the onset of estrus; externally, the vulva of the sow in heat is swollen, sometimes a small amount of mucus flows out, she is willing to approach the boar, accepts the boar mounting, and her appetite decreases.
③ Mating: under normal conditions, the female wild boar comes into heat and mates normally 5-17 days after the piglets are weaned. For replacement sows, the age for first mating should be 10-14 months, and the body weight should be 65-75 kg. Mating replacement pigs too early not only affects their first-litter reproductive performance, but also affects their own development and reduces their lifetime reproductive performance. Mating too late increases breeding costs and also affects milk production after farrowing. After the female wild boar reaches sexual maturity, it will show an inherent sexual cycle, also called the estrous cycle (usually, the interval from the previous estrus to the next estrus is called the estrous cycle). Purebred wild sows come into heat twice a year in spring and autumn, which is seasonal estrus; the estrous cycle of domesticated hybrid wild sows averages 20 days, mostly ranging from 18-24 days, and the estrous period generally lasts 3-5 days, divided into early, middle and late stages. The suitable time for mating is the middle stage of estrus, that is, 24 hours after the sow shows symptoms of estrus; as long as she is willing to accept the male wild boar mounting, the first mating can be carried out. After the first mating, mate again 18-24 hours later. Generally, mating 2 times in one estrous cycle is sufficient; more matings cannot increase the number of piglets and may even have side effects. The key is to grasp the suitable time for mating.
Key points for the feeding and management of breeding boars The age for the first mating of breeding boars is 12-14 months. The most suitable body weight for first mating is between 65-75 kg; being too thin or too fat is unsuitable for mating. The service life of breeding boars is within 4 years, and breeding boars are raised in single pens.
① Feed: the daily feed amount for an adult boar is 2.5 kg-3.0 kg, fed 2-3 times a day, using a water-to-feed ratio of 1:2 (that is, 1 part water, 2 parts feed, mixed evenly).
② Exercise: since breeding boars are raised in single pens, in order to strengthen sperm activity, they must go to the exercise yard more than 2 times a week, each exercise session must not be less than 4 hours, and the exercise distance must not be less than 1.5 km. Usually pay attention to washing and brushing the pig's body to keep it clean.
③ Mating: mating once a day is appropriate, and it must not exceed 2 times at most. After continuous mating for 4-5 days, rest for 1 day. In the peak mating season, an appropriate amount of green feed or carrots, etc. should be added to the feed; if conditions permit, feed one egg every three days. Do a good job of keeping the pig house warm in winter and preventing heat in summer, and prevent mixing with other breeding boars.
④ Automatic drinking water: set up automatic drinkers in the house. Production and postpartum management of sows The expected farrowing date of a pregnant sow is generally 116 days ± 5 days. The calculation method is: add 3 to the month of the last mating date and add 24 to the day to get the expected farrowing date. (Example: January + 3 = April, 5th + 24 = 29, that is: the expected farrowing date is: April 29, 2004). Sows are transferred to the farrowing house 7-10 days before farrowing.
Production After the piglet is delivered, immediately use your hand to remove the mucus from the oral cavity, then use a clean soft cloth or dry grass to carefully wipe clean the mucus covering its whole body, and immediately send it into the insulated box. For piglets with weak breathing, wipe the nose with 75% alcohol, and at the same time gently pat the chest with your hand until breathing becomes normal. After the piglet is delivered, squeeze the blood in the umbilical cord inward as much as possible, then press with your finger to prevent the blood from flowing back. After 2-3 minutes, cut the umbilical cord 2-3 cm from the abdomen and disinfect with 5% iodine tincture. If there is bleeding, ligate to stop the bleeding.
At the first suckling, the large and strong piglets should be fixed to the teats at the rear of the sow. This can make the piglets develop evenly. Generally, the piglets can be suckled 1 hour after the sow expels the placenta or after the last piglet is delivered. If the farrowing process exceeds 8 hours, artificial assistance or surgery must be carried out.
Postpartum management Restricted feeding management: sows should stop being given feed 8-10 hours after farrowing, and only be fed soybean meal and bran soup. Within 2-3 days after farrowing, do not give too much feed, give less coarse feed, and feed some nutritious and easily digestible feed. Normal feeding can be resumed 5 days after farrowing. From 10-20 days after farrowing, the daily feed amount is 3-4 kg; from 21-30 days, the daily feed amount is 4-5 kg; after 31 days postpartum, change to the normal feed amount, 2.5-3 kg per day. Feed 3 times a day. Control drinking water in the first 2 days after farrowing, and afterward ensure sufficient drinking water.
Special care: for sows with no milk or insufficient milk after farrowing, supplementary feeding of some highly nutritious foods such as soybean milk, millet porridge, placenta soup, and fish soup can be given. For sows with constipation symptoms after farrowing, supplementary feeding of some tender green feed can be given; in severe cases, some laxatives can be used until normal. Throughout the lactation period of feeding and management, attention should be paid to ensuring air circulation, fresh air, maintaining hygiene, preventing moisture, and keeping the pen dry.
Management of special wild boar piglets during the lactation period
① Newborn piglets: because newborn piglets have poor resistance, warmth must be kept well. From 1-7 months of age, the injection temperature should be kept between 25°C and 30°C, and from 8-30 days of age, keep it between 20°C and 25°C. Above 40 days of age, above 18°C is sufficient. Too low temperature and too high humidity will cause various diseases and affect the survival rate of piglets.
② Suckling enough colostrum: because colostrum contains the mother's special antigens, sufficient colostrum can promote the growth and development of piglets. Therefore, every piglet must be ensured to suckle enough colostrum. It is best to artificially fix the teats according to the size of the piglets for suckling, so as to ensure balanced development of the piglets.
2. Feed formula: cornmeal 22%, wheat bran 30%, bean dregs or a little soybean 5%, sanqi bran 22%, green feed 20%. In addition, amino acids (per head per day) 15-40 g, iodized salt 0.5%, bone meal 0.5%.
3. Prevention and treatment of major diseases:
(1) Prevention and treatment of swine fever: inject 5 ml of anti-swine fever serum intramuscularly each time, twice a day, for 3-4 consecutive days; a large dose (230-50 doses) of attenuated swine fever vaccine can also be given by a single subcutaneous intramuscular injection.
(2) Prevention and treatment of swine pneumonia vaccine: first inject penicillin 1.8 million × 2 intramuscularly (for body weight below 75 kg), then inject ofloxacin 5 ml × 2, twice a day, for three days, with excellent results.
(3) Prevention and treatment of swine erysipelas: this disease is also called "fire stamp."
For prevention and treatment, penicillin can be given by deep intramuscular injection at 40,000 units per kg of body weight, twice a day, for 3-5 consecutive days, combined with wiping the pig's body with strong soapy water until the soap foam covers the pig's body, which has a remarkable effect.
Key points for the feeding and management of breeding sows
① Feed amount: the daily feed amount is between 2.5 kg and 3.0 kg, fed 3-4 times a day.
② Estrus: generally comes into heat about 5-7 days after the piglets are weaned, each estrous cycle is between 18-24 days, and the duration within the estrous period is 48-72 hours. The obvious symptom of estrus is 24 hours after the onset of estrus; externally, the vulva of the sow in heat is swollen, sometimes a small amount of mucus flows out, she is willing to approach the boar, accepts the boar mounting, and her appetite decreases.
③ Mating: under normal conditions, the female wild boar comes into heat and mates normally 5-17 days after the piglets are weaned. For replacement sows, the age for first mating should be 10-14 months, and the body weight should be 65-75 kg. Mating replacement pigs too early not only affects their first-litter reproductive performance, but also affects their own development and reduces their lifetime reproductive performance. Mating too late increases breeding costs and also affects milk production after farrowing. After the female wild boar reaches sexual maturity, it will show an inherent sexual cycle, also called the estrous cycle (usually, the interval from the previous estrus to the next estrus is called the estrous cycle). Purebred wild sows come into heat twice a year in spring and autumn, which is seasonal estrus; the estrous cycle of domesticated hybrid wild sows averages 20 days, mostly ranging from 18-24 days, and the estrous period generally lasts 3-5 days, divided into early, middle and late stages. The suitable time for mating is the middle stage of estrus, that is, 24 hours after the sow shows symptoms of estrus; as long as she is willing to accept the male wild boar mounting, the first mating can be carried out. After the first mating, mate again 18-24 hours later. Generally, mating 2 times in one estrous cycle is sufficient; more matings cannot increase the number of piglets and may even have side effects. The key is to grasp the suitable time for mating.
Key points for the feeding and management of breeding boars The age for the first mating of breeding boars is 12-14 months. The most suitable body weight for first mating is between 65-75 kg; being too thin or too fat is unsuitable for mating. The service life of breeding boars is within 4 years, and breeding boars are raised in single pens.
① Feed: the daily feed amount for an adult boar is 2.5 kg-3.0 kg, fed 2-3 times a day, using a water-to-feed ratio of 1:2 (that is, 1 part water, 2 parts feed, mixed evenly).
② Exercise: since breeding boars are raised in single pens, in order to strengthen sperm activity, they must go to the exercise yard more than 2 times a week, each exercise session must not be less than 4 hours, and the exercise distance must not be less than 1.5 km. Usually pay attention to washing and brushing the pig's body to keep it clean.
③ Mating: mating once a day is appropriate, and it must not exceed 2 times at most. After continuous mating for 4-5 days, rest for 1 day. In the peak mating season, an appropriate amount of green feed or carrots, etc. should be added to the feed; if conditions permit, feed one egg every three days. Do a good job of keeping the pig house warm in winter and preventing heat in summer, and prevent mixing with other breeding boars.
④ Automatic drinking water: set up automatic drinkers in the house. Production and postpartum management of sows The expected farrowing date of a pregnant sow is generally 116 days ± 5 days. The calculation method is: add 3 to the month of the last mating date and add 24 to the day to get the expected farrowing date. (Example: January + 3 = April, 5th + 24 = 29, that is: the expected farrowing date is: April 29, 2004). Sows are transferred to the farrowing house 7-10 days before farrowing.
Production After the piglet is delivered, immediately use your hand to remove the mucus from the oral cavity, then use a clean soft cloth or dry grass to carefully wipe clean the mucus covering its whole body, and immediately send it into the insulated box. For piglets with weak breathing, wipe the nose with 75% alcohol, and at the same time gently pat the chest with your hand until breathing becomes normal. After the piglet is delivered, squeeze the blood in the umbilical cord inward as much as possible, then press with your finger to prevent the blood from flowing back. After 2-3 minutes, cut the umbilical cord 2-3 cm from the abdomen and disinfect with 5% iodine tincture. If there is bleeding, ligate to stop the bleeding.
At the first suckling, the large and strong piglets should be fixed to the teats at the rear of the sow. This can make the piglets develop evenly. Generally, the piglets can be suckled 1 hour after the sow expels the placenta or after the last piglet is delivered. If the farrowing process exceeds 8 hours, artificial assistance or surgery must be carried out.
Postpartum management Restricted feeding management: sows should stop being given feed 8-10 hours after farrowing, and only be fed soybean meal and bran soup. Within 2-3 days after farrowing, do not give too much feed, give less coarse feed, and feed some nutritious and easily digestible feed. Normal feeding can be resumed 5 days after farrowing. From 10-20 days after farrowing, the daily feed amount is 3-4 kg; from 21-30 days, the daily feed amount is 4-5 kg; after 31 days postpartum, change to the normal feed amount, 2.5-3 kg per day. Feed 3 times a day. Control drinking water in the first 2 days after farrowing, and afterward ensure sufficient drinking water.
Special care: for sows with no milk or insufficient milk after farrowing, supplementary feeding of some highly nutritious foods such as soybean milk, millet porridge, placenta soup, and fish soup can be given. For sows with constipation symptoms after farrowing, supplementary feeding of some tender green feed can be given; in severe cases, some laxatives can be used until normal. Throughout the lactation period of feeding and management, attention should be paid to ensuring air circulation, fresh air, maintaining hygiene, preventing moisture, and keeping the pen dry.
Management of special wild boar piglets during the lactation period
① Newborn piglets: because newborn piglets have poor resistance, warmth must be kept well. From 1-7 months of age, the injection temperature should be kept between 25°C and 30°C, and from 8-30 days of age, keep it between 20°C and 25°C. Above 40 days of age, above 18°C is sufficient. Too low temperature and too high humidity will cause various diseases and affect the survival rate of piglets.
② Suckling enough colostrum: because colostrum contains the mother's special antigens, sufficient colostrum can promote the growth and development of piglets. Therefore, every piglet must be ensured to suckle enough colostrum. It is best to artificially fix the teats according to the size of the piglets for suckling, so as to ensure balanced development of the piglets.