Diagnosis and treatment methods for 55 common aquatic diseases
Diagnosis and treatment methods for 55 common aquatic diseases
Treatment methods for common fish diseases
1. White spot disease
Pathogen: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, the parasite body is oval, soft and plastic, with variable morphology. This disease is caused by Ichthyophthirius multifiliis invading the skin and gills of fish. It can infect year-round, and both the incidence rate and mortality rate are very high. It is a relatively common parasitic fish disease.
Symptoms and lesions: When the larvae of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis invade the skin and gills of fish, they stimulate the fish to secrete large amounts of mucus, causing the fish tissue to proliferate and form white pus-like cysts. At first, the body surface appears white and cloudy, resembling saprolegniasis but not quite like it. After a few days, when the larvae of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis form cysts on the fish body surface, the white spot symptoms become obvious. Many dot-like cysts appear on the body surface, gills, and fins of diseased fish, and the body surface mucus increases noticeably. To the naked eye, it is a densely packed layer of white spots. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis hides in the pus cysts and gradually develops into adults. In the early stage of infection, white spots are scattered on the pectoral fins, dorsal fin, caudal fin, and body surface skin. At this time, although the diseased fish still feeds normally, it often gathers in a corner of the tank and rubs against other fish or scrapes its body against hard objects. After a few days, white spots cover the whole body, symptoms begin to become obvious, the fish feels uncomfortable, becomes emaciated, floats on the water surface or gathers in a corner, moves very little, and often floats listlessly on the water surface. The course of the disease is generally 5-10 days. If not treated in time, white spot disease will spread rapidly and cause the whole group of fish to become ill. In the later stage, the body surface looks as if covered with a white film, mucus increases, and body color becomes dull and lusterless. It has obvious seasonality, and a water temperature of 15-20°C is most suitable for the reproduction of white spot parasites.
Prevention and treatment:
(1) Based on the characteristic that Ichthyophthirius multifiliis is not tolerant of high temperatures, raise the water temperature to 28°C (Ichthyophthirius multifiliis is not easy to reproduce above 25°C and begins to die at 28°C) for prevention and treatment. After a few days, the cysts of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis will gradually rupture and fall off. At this time, replace with new water, keep the water temperature constant, and the diseased fish will basically recover. If medication is also used as a supplement, the cure rate can reach more than 90%.
(2) Put nitrofurazone powder the size of a soybean into an aquarium containing 50 kg of water, dilute it, and splash it into the water to bathe the diseased fish.
(3) Soak a new brick in urine for 24 hours, take it out and let it dry (called a urine brick in ancient times), then put it into the tank of the diseased fish. Results can be seen after a few days.
(4) Choose 0.2-0.3 g of mercurous nitrate, dissolve it in 10 kg of water, and soak the diseased fish for 10-15 minutes. Note that because mercurous nitrate is highly toxic and corrosive, the medicinal solution should be placed in a plastic basin, not a metal container.
(5) Use a 0.05%-0.07% merbromin solution, put it into 10 kg of water, and soak the diseased fish for 15-30 minutes, using the medication continuously for 2-3 times.
(6) Treatment with red mercurochrome. The key to this method is not to add too much; it is enough if the water color becomes slightly red. Better less than more! Soak for 5-10 minutes, 1-2 times per day.
(7) Add an appropriate amount of methylene blue medicine, 4-8 cc per 10 gallons of water. For a container without substrate and with a filtration system, the dosage should be reduced to one-half to one-quarter.
(8) Place the diseased fish in 1% salt water and bathe it for 3-5 days; this can also cure it.
Adult white spot parasites are difficult to kill, but young parasites are easy to kill. Therefore, maintaining an effective medication in the water for about 7-20 days can completely eradicate them.
2. Black spot disease
On the head of diseased fish, elongated light yellow cysts can be seen. When the cysts mature, they become black, namely metacercariae and post-cercariae. They also invade the eyes, muscles, blood vessels, gills, and internal organs of the fish. If an opaque patch is found in the lens area of the eye, infection with this disease is possible. This disease is not contagious, but it can damage muscle tissue and cause eye damage or blindness, and in severe cases can be fatal. At present, there is no medicine that can cure it. Only a disinfected needle or tweezers can be used to remove the parasites.
3. Saprolegniasis
Also known as water mold or white hair disease, it is a common water mold disease. The common pathogens are Saprolegnia and Achlya. The hyphae are slender and branched, though a few are unbranched. One end of the hypha is root-like and grows into the skin and skin tissue of the fish, while most of the rest protrudes from the body surface. The hyphae are up to 3 cm long, grayish white, soft, and cotton-like and fibrous. The main cause of saprolegniasis is injury to the fish body, loss of scales, or damage to the skin by parasites, which allows pathogens to invade the wound.
Symptoms and lesions: After the mold invades through the wound on the fish body, it absorbs nutrients from the cells of the skin tissue and rapidly grows outward from the body. In the early stage of the disease, special symptoms are not easy to distinguish with the naked eye. When symptoms can already be seen with the naked eye, the hyphae have already penetrated inward into the muscles and grown outward into cotton-wool-like hyphae, so it is called "hair growth." The hyphae entwine and adhere to the cells and tissues of the wound, causing tissue necrosis. At the same time, the fish's appetite decreases, swimming becomes abnormal, and eventually it dies. In the early stage of infection, the area around the individual wound is red and swollen, and skin mucus increases. In the later stage of infection, a cluster of flocculent hyphae forms at the wound. Saprolegniasis also often occurs during fish egg incubation. In infected fish eggs, the hyphae invade the egg membrane and grow on the outside of the egg membrane, gradually covering other fish eggs. In severe cases, moldy fish eggs will spread the mold to nearby healthy eggs, causing the embryos to die during incubation and greatly reducing the hatching rate. In addition, the degree of mold infection is also related to the length of light exposure. Prolonged continuous rain and insufficient indoor light or sunlight both favor the massive breeding of mold. In fish infected by mold, the skin surface is covered with a layer of white cloudiness, especially obvious in black and red fish, losing the proper luster of the body surface. Subsequently, activity becomes sluggish, and the fish often floats listlessly on the water surface. If not treated in time, the mold on the fish body spreads rapidly, the hyphae penetrate deep into the body, and the mortality rate is relatively high.
Prevention and treatment:
(1) Dissolve 0.3 g of malachite green or methylene blue in 100 kg of water, and soak the fish body for 10-20 minutes. After a few days, the hyphae can be seen falling off, and the original color will soon be restored. Splashing a 0.02 ppm malachite green solution into the fish tank has a certain effect on preventing and treating moldy fish eggs.
(2) Mix and dissolve 250 g each of table salt and baking soda in a 100*55*45CM aquarium, and repeat several times for significant results. Because tropical fish are extremely sensitive to table salt, no matter which disease it is, after soaking or splashing with salt water, symptoms will be reduced after a few days.
(3) Splash with a 0.3 ppm formaldehyde solution to inhibit the breeding of mold. It also has a certain effect on saprolegniasis.
(4) Install a 15-watt ultraviolet lamp at the top of a 100*55*45CM aquarium and irradiate for several hours each day, which can effectively inhibit or eliminate the breeding of water mold.
Soaking in methylene blue medicine, or placing the diseased fish in 1% salt water or penicillin aqueous solution, is also effective.
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Learned something, thanks
---------------------
Didn't it say 55 types?
---------------------
Good stuff, thanks
---------------------
Where was this copied from,
---------------------
Reply 5# gzdckjyxgs It's not plagiarism, and I didn't say it was my original work either. I'm just sharing it. If it's useful to you, bump it; if not, never mind.
Eel Dragon added the following content on 2009-12-17 23:23
Reply 3# liuminjia Also, I haven't finished posting yet, thanks for your interest
1. White spot disease
Pathogen: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, the parasite body is oval, soft and plastic, with variable morphology. This disease is caused by Ichthyophthirius multifiliis invading the skin and gills of fish. It can infect year-round, and both the incidence rate and mortality rate are very high. It is a relatively common parasitic fish disease.
Symptoms and lesions: When the larvae of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis invade the skin and gills of fish, they stimulate the fish to secrete large amounts of mucus, causing the fish tissue to proliferate and form white pus-like cysts. At first, the body surface appears white and cloudy, resembling saprolegniasis but not quite like it. After a few days, when the larvae of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis form cysts on the fish body surface, the white spot symptoms become obvious. Many dot-like cysts appear on the body surface, gills, and fins of diseased fish, and the body surface mucus increases noticeably. To the naked eye, it is a densely packed layer of white spots. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis hides in the pus cysts and gradually develops into adults. In the early stage of infection, white spots are scattered on the pectoral fins, dorsal fin, caudal fin, and body surface skin. At this time, although the diseased fish still feeds normally, it often gathers in a corner of the tank and rubs against other fish or scrapes its body against hard objects. After a few days, white spots cover the whole body, symptoms begin to become obvious, the fish feels uncomfortable, becomes emaciated, floats on the water surface or gathers in a corner, moves very little, and often floats listlessly on the water surface. The course of the disease is generally 5-10 days. If not treated in time, white spot disease will spread rapidly and cause the whole group of fish to become ill. In the later stage, the body surface looks as if covered with a white film, mucus increases, and body color becomes dull and lusterless. It has obvious seasonality, and a water temperature of 15-20°C is most suitable for the reproduction of white spot parasites.
Prevention and treatment:
(1) Based on the characteristic that Ichthyophthirius multifiliis is not tolerant of high temperatures, raise the water temperature to 28°C (Ichthyophthirius multifiliis is not easy to reproduce above 25°C and begins to die at 28°C) for prevention and treatment. After a few days, the cysts of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis will gradually rupture and fall off. At this time, replace with new water, keep the water temperature constant, and the diseased fish will basically recover. If medication is also used as a supplement, the cure rate can reach more than 90%.
(2) Put nitrofurazone powder the size of a soybean into an aquarium containing 50 kg of water, dilute it, and splash it into the water to bathe the diseased fish.
(3) Soak a new brick in urine for 24 hours, take it out and let it dry (called a urine brick in ancient times), then put it into the tank of the diseased fish. Results can be seen after a few days.
(4) Choose 0.2-0.3 g of mercurous nitrate, dissolve it in 10 kg of water, and soak the diseased fish for 10-15 minutes. Note that because mercurous nitrate is highly toxic and corrosive, the medicinal solution should be placed in a plastic basin, not a metal container.
(5) Use a 0.05%-0.07% merbromin solution, put it into 10 kg of water, and soak the diseased fish for 15-30 minutes, using the medication continuously for 2-3 times.
(6) Treatment with red mercurochrome. The key to this method is not to add too much; it is enough if the water color becomes slightly red. Better less than more! Soak for 5-10 minutes, 1-2 times per day.
(7) Add an appropriate amount of methylene blue medicine, 4-8 cc per 10 gallons of water. For a container without substrate and with a filtration system, the dosage should be reduced to one-half to one-quarter.
(8) Place the diseased fish in 1% salt water and bathe it for 3-5 days; this can also cure it.
Adult white spot parasites are difficult to kill, but young parasites are easy to kill. Therefore, maintaining an effective medication in the water for about 7-20 days can completely eradicate them.
2. Black spot disease
On the head of diseased fish, elongated light yellow cysts can be seen. When the cysts mature, they become black, namely metacercariae and post-cercariae. They also invade the eyes, muscles, blood vessels, gills, and internal organs of the fish. If an opaque patch is found in the lens area of the eye, infection with this disease is possible. This disease is not contagious, but it can damage muscle tissue and cause eye damage or blindness, and in severe cases can be fatal. At present, there is no medicine that can cure it. Only a disinfected needle or tweezers can be used to remove the parasites.
3. Saprolegniasis
Also known as water mold or white hair disease, it is a common water mold disease. The common pathogens are Saprolegnia and Achlya. The hyphae are slender and branched, though a few are unbranched. One end of the hypha is root-like and grows into the skin and skin tissue of the fish, while most of the rest protrudes from the body surface. The hyphae are up to 3 cm long, grayish white, soft, and cotton-like and fibrous. The main cause of saprolegniasis is injury to the fish body, loss of scales, or damage to the skin by parasites, which allows pathogens to invade the wound.
Symptoms and lesions: After the mold invades through the wound on the fish body, it absorbs nutrients from the cells of the skin tissue and rapidly grows outward from the body. In the early stage of the disease, special symptoms are not easy to distinguish with the naked eye. When symptoms can already be seen with the naked eye, the hyphae have already penetrated inward into the muscles and grown outward into cotton-wool-like hyphae, so it is called "hair growth." The hyphae entwine and adhere to the cells and tissues of the wound, causing tissue necrosis. At the same time, the fish's appetite decreases, swimming becomes abnormal, and eventually it dies. In the early stage of infection, the area around the individual wound is red and swollen, and skin mucus increases. In the later stage of infection, a cluster of flocculent hyphae forms at the wound. Saprolegniasis also often occurs during fish egg incubation. In infected fish eggs, the hyphae invade the egg membrane and grow on the outside of the egg membrane, gradually covering other fish eggs. In severe cases, moldy fish eggs will spread the mold to nearby healthy eggs, causing the embryos to die during incubation and greatly reducing the hatching rate. In addition, the degree of mold infection is also related to the length of light exposure. Prolonged continuous rain and insufficient indoor light or sunlight both favor the massive breeding of mold. In fish infected by mold, the skin surface is covered with a layer of white cloudiness, especially obvious in black and red fish, losing the proper luster of the body surface. Subsequently, activity becomes sluggish, and the fish often floats listlessly on the water surface. If not treated in time, the mold on the fish body spreads rapidly, the hyphae penetrate deep into the body, and the mortality rate is relatively high.
Prevention and treatment:
(1) Dissolve 0.3 g of malachite green or methylene blue in 100 kg of water, and soak the fish body for 10-20 minutes. After a few days, the hyphae can be seen falling off, and the original color will soon be restored. Splashing a 0.02 ppm malachite green solution into the fish tank has a certain effect on preventing and treating moldy fish eggs.
(2) Mix and dissolve 250 g each of table salt and baking soda in a 100*55*45CM aquarium, and repeat several times for significant results. Because tropical fish are extremely sensitive to table salt, no matter which disease it is, after soaking or splashing with salt water, symptoms will be reduced after a few days.
(3) Splash with a 0.3 ppm formaldehyde solution to inhibit the breeding of mold. It also has a certain effect on saprolegniasis.
(4) Install a 15-watt ultraviolet lamp at the top of a 100*55*45CM aquarium and irradiate for several hours each day, which can effectively inhibit or eliminate the breeding of water mold.
Soaking in methylene blue medicine, or placing the diseased fish in 1% salt water or penicillin aqueous solution, is also effective.
---------------------
Learned something, thanks
---------------------
Didn't it say 55 types?
---------------------
Good stuff, thanks
---------------------
Where was this copied from,
---------------------
Reply 5# gzdckjyxgs It's not plagiarism, and I didn't say it was my original work either. I'm just sharing it. If it's useful to you, bump it; if not, never mind.
Eel Dragon added the following content on 2009-12-17 23:23
Reply 3# liuminjia Also, I haven't finished posting yet, thanks for your interest