A Complete Analysis of the Key Techniques for High-Yield Soybean Cultivation and Management

Soybean is one of the most important oil crops, sown in spring or summer. To ensure its high quality and high yield, the key lies in planting and management.
1. Land preparation and seed selection. Soybean is most averse to continuous cropping, because: (1) continuous cropping increases nitrogen in the soil and hinders the absorption of phosphorus and potassium; (2) the soybean root system secretes an acidic toxic substance, and continuous cropping causes molybdenum deficiency in soybean; (3) soybean pests and diseases are host-specific, and continuous cropping aggravates pest and disease damage. Therefore, the selected planting plot should be rotated or intercropped/interplanted with gramineous crops and tuber crops. Whether sown in spring or summer, before sowing, plow deeply and level the land, apply sufficient base fertilizer, and irrigate thoroughly with bottom water. Choose excellent varieties; after sun-drying, screening and removing impurities, spray and dress the seeds with rhizobium powder + 800-fold dilution of Xin Gao Zhi Mo, and sow after drying in the shade. The sowing density should be determined according to variety, water and fertilizer fertility, season and other conditions to set row spacing, plant spacing and seeding rate. Achieve rational close planting.
2. Strong seedlings and flower promotion: After emergence, promptly check seedlings, thin seedlings and fill gaps to ensure a full stand. Immediately after thinning, carry out intertillage, weeding and hilling (at least three to four intertillages throughout the whole growth period), which helps loosen the soil, promote root development, improve drought tolerance, lodging resistance and drainage, and favor the formation and development of rhizobia, enhancing nitrogen fixation capacity. Throughout the seedling stage, ensure sufficient water and fertilizer, and reasonably match the NPK ratio with soil moisture; when the plants begin to branch, spray Cui Hua Wang No. 3 to inhibit excessive growth of the top shoot, promote more branching, promote flower bud differentiation, promote more flowers, earlier flowers and uniform flowers, resist lodging, and form a high-yield plant shape.
3. Increasing pods and strengthening pods: When plant growth enters the flowering and pod-setting stage, spray Cai Guo Zhuang Di Ling before flowering, which can strengthen flowers and pods, enhance the quality of fruit setting, prevent flower and pod shedding, increase flowers and pods, promote fruit development, and ensure no empty shells and no shriveled grains. Strengthen water and fertilizer management at this stage, and apply water and fertilizer appropriately according to seedling condition; topdress weak seedlings at the initial flowering stage, and do not topdress strong seedlings to prevent excessive growth. During the flowering and pod stage, apply an appropriate amount of additional phosphorus fertilizer. Irrigate promptly to ensure sufficient soil moisture. Spray the field with 600—800-fold dilution of Xin Gao Zhi Mo to prevent transpiration, prevent evaporation, resist wilting, and prevent flower and pod shedding.
    4. Pest and disease control: Soybean pests and diseases cause great harm to the normal growth of soybean, and in severe cases yield losses can reach more than 30%. Soybean diseases include: soybean root rot, nematode disease, gray leaf spot, brown spot, downy mildew, etc.; pests include root maggot, soybean aphid, pod borer, etc. Control methods: (1) prevent in advance, select disease-free excellent varieties, and carry out soil sterilization and insecticide treatment during land preparation; (2) before disease onset, spray sterilizing and insecticidal agents + 800-fold dilution of Xin Gao Zhi Mo to effectively prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases; (3) during the period when pests and diseases occur, according to plant protection requirements, spray targeted agents + 800-fold dilution of Xin Gao Zhi Mo for elimination. (Gu Mu)