Introduction to fermented bed pig farming and reliable methods for buying fermented bed microbial cultures
One Benefits of fermented bed pig farming:
Briefly summarized as" three savings, two improvements, one increase, zero emissions"。
1. Three savings( Save water, save feed, save labor)
Save water75%~90% , Only for pigs' drinking, maintaining litter surface moisture, and drip cooling water;Pigs root and eat microbial protein, Improves the intestinal environment, Improves feed conversion rate, Can save concentrated feed10%~15% . Only labor for feeding, turning and raking litter, cleaning the feeding platform, and adjusting humidity, No need to clean manure, Can save labor30%~50% , One person can raise800~1000 fattening pigs, 100~200 sows.
2. Two improvements( Improve disease resistance, improve pork quality)
Pigs recover their natural habits, Restores the biological habits of rooting and dust bathing, Less stress; Intake of microbial protein, Enhanced disease resistance, Reduced incidence rate, Reduced medication. Pork has a rosy color, Clear texture, Improved meat quality.
3. One increase( Increase farming benefits)
Can save costs on water, feed, medication, etc.30~80 yuan/ head; Use agricultural waste, Such as sawdust, rice husks, peanut shells, corn stalks, etc. as litter raw materials, Through microbial fermentation,Turn waste into treasure. Statistics show, per10m2of fermented bed can use667 m2 of corn stalks, This also provides another relatively good solution for straw disposal and beautifying the urban and rural ecological environment.
4. Zero emissions( No pollution, Achieve zero discharge of manure and sewage)
No odor inside or outside the pig farm, Ammonia content significantly reduced, Pollutants are absorbed in advance during the farming process, Achieves zero discharge of manure and sewage.
In short, The fermented bed pig farming method, by creating a good fermented bed and a pig house coordinated with the principle of ventilation convection, And with the support of new pig farming technologies, Solves the related problems of manure and sewage treatment in the pig farming industry, And in this process improves the living environment of the pigs, Thereby reducing the consumption for maintenance needs and improving non-specific immunity.
Two Selection of litter ：
The selection of fermented bed litter mainly uses local discarded crops as raw materials. The best materials are sawdust and rice husks, with a ratio of7:3or so. If these two are hard to find locally, other discarded resources can be used instead, such as peanut shells, cottonseed hulls, corn cobs, corn stalks, etc. The principle of selection is to mainly use inert substances. Materials like leaves and wheat straw should be used as little as possible in the end, because these materials rot too easily, and if used in large amounts, they will affect the service life of the fermented bed!The litter should be various fresh materials that are not deteriorated, non-toxic, free of impurities, and odorless.
The specific mixing ratio of litter is relatively flexible. Two or more materials can be used. The principle of use is to mainly use sawdust, with other materials as supplements!
Three Selection of fermented bed microbial cultures:
Fermented bed microbial cultures are the key factor for successfully making a fermented bed. Farmers should choose carefully and not be greedy for cheapness by buying some inferior cultures on the market. In the early stage, the effect may seem acceptable, but later, because the activity and microbial content of the cultures are low, unstable phenomena such as failure to ferment and dead beds will appear! You should find regular manufacturers and technical support companies with better after-sales service to buy.
For the initial fermentation of litter, use clean tools, and disinfect the site to ensure the external site is clean and hygienic, so as to avoid invasion by other miscellaneous bacteria.
Four Purpose of early-stage litter fermentation:
Before the pigs are put on the fermented bed, the litter should be piled up for early-stage fermentation. The purposes of doing this are:First, by proliferating dominant microbial strains, they can reach the effect of completely decomposing manure while inhibiting contamination by miscellaneous bacteria; second, use biological heat energy to kill most pathogenic bacteria, viruses, insect eggs, and other toxic and harmful organisms in the litter. Third, through fermentation, revive beneficial bacteria for unlimited reproduction, increase the survival quantity of beneficial bacteria, and inhibit the growth of harmful miscellaneous bacteria.
Five Using fermented bed microbial cultures to make fermented bed litter
Litter production can be done centrally outside the pig house or inside the fermented bed. Different microbial cultures also have different methods for making the fermented bed.
Now let's talk about the fermented bed microbial cultures professionally developed by Yijiayi Bioengineering: This product is a product designated by the Ministry of Agriculture. It is a professional microbial culture for professional livestock and poultry lazy-man pig farming, selected through professional scientific understanding. Simple to make and low in cost, it is the preferred product for farmers,① Activate the microbial culture. Prepare one kilogram of brown sugar and ten kilograms of clean water. First take out two kilograms of water and boil it, add the brown sugar, cool to30-40degrees or so, then pour into the remaining8kilograms of water, add one bottle of microbial culture, stir evenly, seal and ferment3-5days or so before use.② Ferment the litter The activated10kilograms of microbial liquid and2kilograms of salt,50kilograms of rice bran or wheat bran are dissolved into400kilograms of deep well water, then sprinkled onto1tons of fresh litter (sawdust30%～80%: rice husks or grass stalk powder70%～20%), then adjust the moisture content until it does not drip when squeezed tightly in the hand and does not clump when released. Pile and cover in a clean pen for3～5days,48turn once every hour. After the smell is fragrant and mellow, add dry lean loess powder50kilograms, spread the litter30～80cm thick, and then put it into the pen.③Management: protect from rain, and the humidity should be such that the material does not fly up; turn, bury, and rake level once or twice a week; if the above activated microbial liquid can be supplemented and sprayed in the pen, even better. (The litter made above can be used for10sq m of fermented bed)
On the2day of piling and covering, the temperature can reach30℃. Generally, if the pile temperature is controlled at30～50℃for two days, it indicates successful fermentation and it can be spread out and put into the pen. In winter, the temperature may rise on the3day. Failure to heat up is due to too much water, poor ventilation, excessively low environmental temperature, and other reasons; add more dry material, turn and mix for ventilation, or cover with film. If the temperature is too high, it may be due to too little water; remove the cover.
Below, taking the production of30sq m as an example:
1、Litter preparation 3tons or so sawdust and rice husks 70% wheat bran and rice bran type 20% loess10%or so salt15kilograms microbial liquid30kilograms
2、Ferment the Yijiayi fermented bed microbial culture into microbial liquid, mix half evenly into the prepared water, and mix another15kilograms of microbial liquid with 20 to 30 percent nutrients (wheat bran, rice bran, or corn flour; generally30kilograms or so), and mix the humidity to5%or so
3、Mix the inert substances (such as sawdust) and nutrients (such as wheat bran) and soil together. While mixing, spray with diluted Yijiayi microbial liquid. While sprinkling15kilograms of nutrients mixed with Yijiayi fermented microbial liquid, and coarse salt . The humidity of the evenly mixed litter is generally45%or so (squeeze the litter in your hand; water appears between the fingers but does not drip down}
4、Finally: mix all the litter together (step2), seal it with plastic film for fermentation, and the temperature20below °C fermentation5to7days, temperature20above °C fermentation3to5days.
Note:The method for making the fermentation bed can be adjusted appropriately………
Six. What should the thickness of the fermentation bed litter be?
60cm—80cmor so,The microorganisms involved in fermentation usually multiply vigorously at30℃an ambient temperature above °C. The litter thickness should be adjusted appropriately according to the season, and generally should not be less than30cm. If the litter is too thin, the heat generated by fermentation dissipates quickly, and it is difficult for the fermentation litter to reach a suitable temperature, which limits the proliferation of fermentation microorganisms and results in no fermentation. If the litter is too thick, it not only requires a larger investment but also increases the workload, and at the same time is not conducive to litter management . In summer, or when the stocking density is low, with piglets, poultry, fine and broken litter, or in southern regions, the litter can be thinner, and vice versa. Some also roll corn stalks, rice straw, etc. into10cm lengths and place them at the bottom layer, which can increase the thickness and heat production. Some also add some new material after one or two months, pile up the litter to ferment, sterilize, and decompose once.
Seven. How to determine the size of the fermentation bed according to the number of animals raised
A good fermentation bed is one that can be scientifically adjusted in the types and amounts of various litter materials according to the needs of pig production, to achieve a culture medium most suitable for the growth and reproduction of fermentation bacteria.
The area of the fermentation bed should be determined according to the size of the pigs and the number raised. On the fermentation bed, generally one nursery pig occupies0.3-0.8sq m, a finishing pig0.8—1.5sq m, and a sow2.0—2.5sq m.
Eight. Moisture content of the litter:
The humidity of the fermentation bed litter should be50%-60%. If it is too wet, it may lead to no fermentation and no heat production. If it is too dry, dust will be stirred up when the pigs run, which can easily cause respiratory diseases in pigs.Fermentation litter needs a certain water-holding capacity. Moisture is an important factor affecting the life activities of microorganisms, and microorganisms carry out life activities in the fermentation litter. Moisture not only affects the movement of nutrients and microorganisms inside the fermentation bed, but also affects the air humidity inside the barn,In practice, the method of grasping the litter by hand is usually used to judge the moisture content. The specific method is to hold the litter tightly in the hand and it can form a ball; when the hand is loosened and shaken, it can scatter; there is a small amount of water in the gaps between the fingers, but it does not drip; after the litter is shaken off, there are no obvious water droplets in the palm but the palm feels damp. The moisture content of such litter is generally at50%～60%。
Nine. What issues should be noted in the early stage after pigs enter?
When pigs have just entered the fermentation bed, because there is relatively little pig manure and urine, the surface of the fermentation bed is relatively dry, and dust will appear when the pigs move, especially when running. If severe, it will increase the incidence of respiratory diseases in pigs. Therefore, more observation is needed, and appropriate watering can be done to adjust the humidity of the litter, try to avoid the appearance of dust, and keep the air in the barn fresh. At the same time, clean the sanitation inside the barn every day, and sweep feces and litter residue on the feeding platform into the litter area; pig feces should be properly adjusted so that they are evenly distributed in the litter area, and try not to pile up, so as to speed up their decomposition.
Ten. Regular turning and raking of litter:
After pigs enter, the fermentation bed should be turned and raked regularly, mainly to improve the air permeability of the fermentation bed. Starting from the second week after pigs enter, generally turn and rake the litter1～2times per week according to the litter humidity and fermentation conditions, with a depth of30cm. If the litter is too dry, spray an appropriate amount of water on the surface of the litter as the situation requires, and use an iron shovel to disperse particularly concentrated pig manure; in particularly wet places, add an appropriate amount of new litter materials such as sawdust and rice husks according to the litter-making ratio, or move it elsewhere. Use an iron fork to loosen relatively compacted litter and level out uneven surfaces. Starting from the day the pigs enter, every50days, deeply turn the litter once, and supplement appropriate moisture, litter materials, and fermentation bacteria as the situation requires.
Eleven.Environmental control factors for pig barns:
Litter humidity: In naturally raised pig barns, litter humidity determines the fermentation efficiency of the bacteria, and thus determines the above-mentioned spatial environment. Generally, litter humidity is controlled at50%～60%, that is, the standard is that the litter forms a shape after being squeezed hard by hand and scatters when the hand is released; too dry or too wet is unsuitable. Within this range, beneficial bacteria multiply rapidly on pig manure and urine, the decomposition speed of manure and urine is significantly accelerated, harmful gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide are significantly reduced, and there is less breeding of flies and maggots in the barn.
Humidity and temperature: Generally, the suitable relative humidity for a pig barn is50%～75%, and within this range pathogens are not easy to reproduce. Pigs at different physiological stages have different temperature requirements. When the relative humidity of the air is lower than50%, the dust concentration in the air increases, the spread of pathogenic bacteria in the air accelerates, and the incidence of respiratory diseases in pigs increases. When the relative humidity is higher than80%, the reproduction speed of pathogenic bacteria accelerates, and the probability of the pig herd being infected with respiratory diseases also increases.
Twelve. How to handle illness in pigs raised on fermentation beds
The same as in general large-scale pig farms, isolation pens should be built at the pig farm. After pigs become ill, they should be transferred to isolation pens in a timely manner for isolated treatment or culling, always keeping all pigs raised in the production area in good health. If antibiotics and other drugs are used on pigs, their excrement will have a certain impact on the litter. After recovery, observe1weeks, or only after one week after stopping the drug can they enter the fermentation bed for raising again. Heavily contaminated litter should be destroyed, and lightly contaminated litter can be piled up and fermented again before continued use.
How to cool pig barns in summer:
First, on the basis of natural ventilation, increase mechanical ventilation, and where there is a wet curtain, turn on the water curtain wall to cool down; second, cool down by sprinkling water or spraying; some also cool down by filling the aisle with water. Third, by lowering the litter thickness, making litter mounds(concentrating the litter in a certain area)and other methods, inhibit litter fermentation and achieve the purpose of cooling; fourth, reduce stocking density.
How to maintain fermentation beds in summer:
Litter maintenance in summer is different from other seasons. The key maintenance points are as follows: lower the litter thickness. In summer, the depth of the litter can be appropriately lowered, but it needs to be ensured to be above50cm. Generally,60cm deep litter is more suitable, which can ensure fermentation while also avoiding too much heat produced by fermentation.
Create a regional fermentation environment in the litter. Fermentation litter itself has a temperature distribution pattern, generally with lower temperatures around the edges and higher temperatures in the middle and in areas where manure and urine are concentrated. In normal seasons, especially in winter, manure should be distributed as evenly as possible to all areas so that it ferments evenly. Litter management in summer is different, and a regional fermentation environment should be consciously created. In summer, reduce or do not turn and rake, and do not need to spread the manure evenly, naturally forming a manure and urine excretion area in the pig barn. Since summer temperatures are relatively high, fermentation efficiency is also quite high. If manure accumulates, it can be piled toward the back, and other areas have a cooler litter surface because fermentation efficiency is inhibited.
Make litter mounds. The litter can also be artificially piled into mound shapes to form some thinner litter areas and provide areas for pigs to lie down. When manure excretion accumulates too much, the manure and urine accumulation area can be turned into a raised and thickened litter area, forming a new thinner litter area.
Fourteen. Winter maintenance and management of fermentation beds
Compared with summer, the management of pig barns in winter is simpler and less troublesome, but the following points should be noted: First, strictly follow the principle of ventilation, and even if the temperature drops, doors and windows should be opened to discharge polluted air and water vapor; second, windbreak walls should be set up, especially in cold regions, to prevent“cold drafts“from entering the pig barn, so as to avoid causing colds in pigs; third, pay attention to moisture prevention, as a damp and cold environment will seriously affect the growth and development of pigs. At the same time, in order to increase the temperature of the pig barn and improve fermentation efficiency, the stocking density of pigs can be appropriately increased.
Fifteen. How should litter be managed each time pigs are sent to market?
Each time pigs are sent to market, the fermentation litter should first be placed to dry for2～3days to evaporate part of the moisture, then the litter should be evenly turned once from the bottom. Depending on the situation, an appropriate amount of rice bran or wheat bran and activated bacterial stock solution can be added, then piled again from the surroundings toward the center into a trapezoidal shape, with the surface covered with breathable coverings such as burlap sacks so that it ferments to maturity, making full use of biological heat to kill pathogenic microorganisms. The unused litter is a very advanced biologically active fertilizer, and should be worth more than raw grain, and can form a large industry.
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