A Brief Discussion of the High-Yield, High-Benefit Peanut and Arrowhead Intercropping Planting Model

With the advancement of technology, agricultural planting models have been constantly updated in recent years. Currently the hottest approach is crop relay intercropping or intercropping, which can make rational use of land resources and increase farmers' profits. Below, the editor will introduce the high-yield, high-benefit intercropping planting method for peanut and arrowhead.

Peanut is sown in late February to early March and harvested in late June. Arrowhead is raised as seedlings in March, transplanted in July, and harvested in January to February of the following year.

High-yield varieties suitable for planting in paddy fields include Yueyou 13, Shanyou 188, Zhongkaihua No. 1 and Yueyou 45.

In places around the peanut field such as along ditch banks, roadsides and crossroads, trap and kill field rats to improve the peanut emergence rate. Plow first, then harrow, harrow until the soil is broken up and level, decide the direction of the beds according to the principle of facilitating drainage, and form beds at a specification of 1.4 m including the ditch.

When the bed is half formed, apply 750 kg of farmyard manure and 40 kg of peanut compound fertilizer, broadcast them on the bed surface, then cover the fertilizer well with soil and finish forming the whole bed.

Sow from late February to early March. Sowing specification: for a bed of 1.4 m including the ditch, plant 4 rows, using a wide-narrow row arrangement, with the middle wide row 40 cm, the two narrow side rows 23 cm, and hill spacing 20 cm; open holes and sow, then cover the seed with fine soil.

For pre-emergence weed control, 3 to 5 days after sowing, use 95% S-metolachlor at 500 to 800 times or 50% acetochlor at 400 to 500 times for control; for post-emergence weed control, after the peanut seedlings have emerged completely, use Hangan emulsifiable concentrate at 500 times for control.

The first topdressing is seedling-strengthening fertilizer; together with checking and replanting seedlings, after the peanut seedlings have emerged completely apply 4 kg of urea and 7.5 kg of potassium chloride per mu; when peanut begins flowering, apply pegging fertilizer again, 15 to 20 kg of compound fertilizer and 0.5 kg of borax; the third is fruit-strengthening fertilizer, applied after peanut reaches full bloom, using 6 to 8 kg of compound fertilizer per mu.

To control rust, spray with 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder at 800 times solution in the early stage of the disease; for leaf spot, spray with 70% thiophanate-methyl at 8000 times solution; the tobacco cutworm often occurs during the pegging stage of peanut, and at the young larval stage spray with 100 ml of 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate plus 200 ml of dimethoate-dichlorvos or abamectin at 2000 times solution, which can also control aphids at the same time.

Peanut is relatively drought-tolerant and afraid of waterlogging. After entering May to June, with high temperature and frequent rain, waterlogging must be drained promptly to prevent rotten pods and germination.

When the stems and branches turn yellow-green, the plant changes from compact to loose, and the upper leaves turn yellow, seize the time to harvest quickly on a sunny day, and return the peanut plants to the field promptly.

Before sowing, take the corms of arrowhead out of the sandy soil, remove the dried, dead and rotten buds, soak them in 58% metalaxyl-mancozeb wettable powder at 200 to 250 times solution for 20 to 30 minutes, then take them out and dry them for later use.

Choose a paddy field that is sheltered from the wind and facing the sun, convenient for irrigation and drainage, and with relatively good fertility. One mu of seedling nursery can meet the needs of 8 to 10 mu of field. Irrigate and harrow the field in advance, and form low beds at a specification of 1.3 M.

After "Jingzhe" when the temperature rises and stabilizes above 15°C, choose a sunny day and gently insert the prepared seed buds into the mud at a specification of 10x10 cm, with a depth just enough to expose the top bud.

New buds can be seen sprouting 15 to 20 days after sowing, and during this period irrigation should mainly be exposed by day and irrigated at night. After new leaves appear, keep shallow water, and during the seedling-raising period it is not recommended to use chemical fertilizer as topdressing. One month before transplanting, liquid fertilizer may gradually be applied as a drench 2 to 3 times. When weeds are present, remove them by manual methods. Pay attention to controlling aphids and other pests and diseases.

It is advisable to choose a field of clay, loam or sandy loam that is convenient for irrigation and drainage, facing the sun, and with a plow layer of 15 to 25 cm.

Because the previous crop was peanut, all the peanut plants are returned to the field. The base fertilizer may be reduced as appropriate, and 750 kg of ash manure fertilizer per mu, or 40 to 50 kg of organic compound fertilizer, may be applied over the whole layer when harrowing the field one day before transplanting.

When arrowhead seedlings grow to 6 to 8 leaves, they can be transplanted to the field. The timing is mid to late July, no later than early August. Before transplanting, pull the arrowhead seedlings up from the nursery with roots, trim off the old roots, and peel off about 2 old basal leaves. The plant and row spacing specification is 33×35 cm or 30×33 cm, ensuring 5000 seedlings transplanted per mu; fields with relatively poor fertility may have 6000 seedlings transplanted, leaving a 40 cm working row every 2.5 to 3 M.

5 to 7 days after transplanting, together with the first topdressing, use 100 to 125 ml of butachlor and 5 to 6 kg of urea per mu, mix them thoroughly and broadcast evenly, and keep a shallow water layer in the field for more than 5 days.

During the field growth period, arrowhead has a large demand for fertilizer, so timely topdressing must be carried out. The first topdressing can be done together with chemical weed control; the second is seedling-strengthening topdressing, carried out 25 to 30 days after transplanting, applying 7.5 to 10 kg of urea and 15 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu; the third is corm-forming topdressing, carried out from late September to early October. During this period, arrowhead grows vigorously, and a kind of stolon will sprout from the base, which farmers call "arrowhead bearer" or "arrowhead shoot". This stolon will grow downward until the bottom of the plow layer, and swell at the tip into a spherical shape; this is the arrowhead we eat, and at this time the fertilizer requirement is large. Apply 500 to 750 kg of decomposed chicken manure fertilizer or 20 to 25 kg of sulfur-based compound fertilizer per mu; by early November, if the leaf color of arrowhead is found to become noticeably lighter, a fourth fertilization may be added, applying 3 to 5 kg of urea and 8 to 10 kg of sulfur-based compound fertilizer per mu.

Brown spot and stripe disease are usually sprayed with 75% chlorothalonil at 600 to 800 times solution or 28% Yibanjing at 1200 times solution or 80% mancozeb at 800 times solution; smut can be controlled by spraying with 1:1:250 Bordeaux mixture or 25% triadimefon at 1000 times solution, spraying once every 10 days, alternating the chemicals, and generally 2 to 3 applications can achieve a very good effect; aphids mainly damage tender buds and heart leaves, and can be controlled with 40% dimethoate at 800 times solution or 1.8% abamectin at 2500 times solution; for stem borers, 20 g of 15% indoxacarb suspension concentrate can be diluted with water and sprayed.

Arrowhead is an aquatic plant and has a relatively large water requirement throughout the growth period. For half a month after transplanting, shallow water is mainly used, then gradually irrigate with deep water of 10 to 12 cm, and during the corm-forming stage return to shallow water irrigation.

Harvesting and digging begin after New Year's Day and continue until the end of February. For arrowhead to be transported elsewhere, simply gently wipe off the mud on the surface of the arrowhead; arrowhead sold locally can be washed before going to market. Arrowhead harvested after the Winter Solstice can have the top buds broken off and placed in fine sand for storage and seed preservation; the top buds can generally be kept in fine sand for 45 days or even longer.

Speaking of planting, I think many growers do not know what to plant, and the category is hard to choose, because the prices of various grain crops are currently unstable, and yields are also difficult to increase. The editor strongly recommends peanut and arrowhead. They have low costs, and intercropping can make rational use of land resources. The above are the detailed planting methods; everyone can take a look.