What are the methods for judging illness in bamboo rats by appearance?

I have been raising rats for some time now, facing the bamboo rats growing day by day. The initial frustration of a ground covered with dead rats due to careless introduction of rats has gradually faded. In fact, raising rats is difficult if you say it is difficult, and easy if you say it is easy. Careful observation, meticulous study, and mastering the rats' living habits, what is normal and what is abnormal, will let you see everything at a glance. This lays a good start for bamboo rat breeding.

Morphological and appearance manifestations of sick rats

Body proportions are unbalanced, the head is small and dry, the rump is pointed and the belly is large, or the whole body is dry and thin. The eyes are sunken, lack spirit, and have eye discharge or secretions. The eyelid color is uneven and swollen. The ears are asymmetrical, with obvious earwax. The coat is erect, messy, and unevenly distributed. The downy hair is sparse and the skin is visible. The belly downy hair is relatively thick and dirty. The tooth color is grayish white. The color is mixed, the tooth enamel color is pale, and the tooth shape is irregular. The gums are red and swollen or ulcerated. The skin color is pale or dark red, with wrinkles. The nose mirror is moist, the nose color is not rosy and full, and it is dirty. There is milky white or pale yellow nasal fluid flowing from the nose. The limbs are thin, small, and dry, and the claws are small or deformed. When walking with the hind legs, the feet splay outward, and the rump touches the ground. The response to the outside world is slow, with no reaction when blowing air with the mouth. The tail is thin, long, and dry, dragging on the ground when walking, and the tail is wet. It cannot stand straight or cannot stand upright. The back arches when walking.

The smell of sick rats

Bloody smell, rotten smell, sour smell, severe muttony smell.

The breathing of sick rats

Rapid, short, and hurried; rapid and rough; long inhalation; thoracic breathing; breathing with rales; uneven breathing; more exhalation and less inhalation.

Feces shape and color

Small yellow pellets that are relatively hard; small yellow pellets connected together. Large black pellets. Small black pellets; small black pellets connected together; grayish white feces. Bloody feces. Mucous-like. Alternating yellow and white, sticking to the anus. Watery or semi-fluid. Deformed feces. Extra-large feces twice as large and twice as long as usual, pointed at both ends and thick in the middle, or irregular in shape.

The color and smell of urine of sick rats

Scanty and thick urine with a strong muttony smell; yellow urine with a sour odor; red urine with a bloody smell.

Parts prone to external injury

Neck, lips, limbs, ears.

Parts prone to internal injury

Cervical spine, lumbar spine, base of the ears.

Anus and genitals

Anus stained with filth, red and swollen. Vulva red and swollen, with yellow and black filthy matter flowing out.

Based on the above appearance symptoms, these can serve as reference evidence for diseases.