Which regions are banana-producing areas mainly distributed in?
China is one of the ancient countries in the world that cultivated bananas, and most of the main banana varieties grown in the world were introduced from China. Bananas are distributed in tropical and subtropical regions within 30° north and south latitude in the Eastern, Western and Southern Hemispheres. There are 130 countries in the world that cultivate bananas, with Central America producing the most, followed by Asia. In China, bananas are mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, China, Yunnan and Hainan, with small amounts also cultivated in Guizhou, Sichuan and Chongqing.
Distribution of banana-producing areas in China
1. In Guangxi, the main producing areas are Lingshan, Pubei, Yulin, Nanning and Qinzhou.
2. In Guangdong, the main producing areas are Zhanjiang, Maoming, Zhongshan, Dongguan, Guangzhou and Chaozhou.
3. In Taiwan, China, bananas are mainly grown in Kaohsiung and Pingtung, followed by Taichung and Taitung.
4. In Fujian, they are mainly concentrated in Zhangpu, Pinghe, Nanjing, Changtai, Zhao'an, Hua'an, Yunxiao, Longhai, Xiamen, Nan'an, Putian, Zhangzhou (Tianbao) and Xianyou counties (cities, districts).
5. In Hainan, bananas are mainly distributed in Danzhou, Chengmai, Sanya, Dongfang and other places, among which Dongfang has the highest output.
World distribution of banana-producing areas
The world's main production bases include Costa Rica, Honduras, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, the Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Jamaica and Martinique in Central America and the West Indies; Brazil, Colombia and Ecuador in South America; the Canary Islands, Ethiopia, Cameroon, Guinea and Nigeria in Africa; and tropical countries in Asia such as India, Thailand and the Philippines, all of which have large areas under cultivation.
Production environment of bananas
1. Bananas prefer hot and humid climates and grow vigorously in deep, loose soil with good drainage. Irrigated cultivation has also been successful in semi-arid areas similar to southern Jamaica. Wild bananas are grown from seed, while cultivated bananas can be propagated by division using suckers and pseudobulbs; the first harvest takes 10-15 months, after which harvesting is almost continuous.
2. Banana roots are delicate and have strict soil requirements. Heavy clay soil with poor aeration and poor structure, or poor drainage, is extremely unfavorable to root development. The clay content should be<40%、地下水位在1m以下的砂壤土，尤以冲积壤土或腐殖质壤土为适宜。实践证明，如土壤物理性状不好，即使肥水供应十分充足，也难以促进香蕉正常生长。土壤pH值4. 5～7.5都适宜、以6. 0上为最好，因5.5以下土壤中镰刀菌繁殖迅速而凋萎病易于侵害。盐性环境香蕉虽不甚敏感，但土壤含可交换性钠离子若超过300mg/L.时也不适宜。降雨量以每月平均100mm最为适宜，低于50mm即属干燥季节，香蕉因缺水而抽蕾期延长、果指短、单产低。如蕉园积水或被淹，轻者叶片发黄、易诱发叶斑痫、产量大降，重者根群窒息腐烂以致植株死亡。
3. Most banana-producing areas have an annual average temperature above 21℃, with a few around 20℃. Bananas require high temperature and high humidity. The growth temperature is 20-35℃, the most suitable is 24-32℃, and the minimum should not be lower than 15.5℃. Bananas are afraid of low temperatures and avoid frost and snow, and their cold tolerance is weaker than that of plantains and Fenjiao bananas.
4. The critical temperature at which banana growth is inhibited is 10℃. When it drops to 5℃, the leaves suffer cold damage and turn yellow, and at 1-2℃ the leaves die. The fruit suffers cold damage at 12℃, and after ripening the peel color becomes grayish-yellow, affecting its commercial value.