What are the differences in fertilization methods between newly cultivated vegetable plots and long-cultivated vegetable plots?

First, apply a large amount of well-rotted organic fertilizer. In particular, for long-cultivated vegetable plots, it is advisable to stop using chemical fertilizers and single nitrogen fertilizers.

Second, persist in applying organic fertilizers such as plant straw, barnyard manure, and human and livestock manure year after year, to improve the soil's granular structure and make water, fertilizer, air, and heat clearly coordinated. To improve soil that has already become acidic or alkaline, in addition to applying more organic fertilizer, moderate amounts of neutral fertilizers should also be applied. For example, if the soil is acidic, lime or plant ash can be applied to neutralize it; if the soil is alkaline, ammonium sulfate or superphosphate can be applied to regulate it, thereby improving the acidified nature of the vegetable soil.

Third, carry out reasonable crop rotation and stubble changing among vegetables of different families. Whether it is a newly cultivated vegetable plot or a long-cultivated vegetable plot, it is not suitable to plant the same vegetable for several consecutive crops on the same plot of land. Rotation and stubble changing should be done regularly.

Fourth, adhere to scientific fertilization principles. Maintain 19 kg of pure nitrogen, 7 kg of available phosphorus, and 30 kg of pure potassium per mu. Before fertilizing, first test the available content in the soil, then calculate the varieties and amounts that need to be supplemented, and then decide the application method and amount according to the variety and seedling condition. The general principle is: apply more to "newly cultivated vegetable plots" and poor, thin vegetable soil; apply less to "long-cultivated vegetable plots" and fertile vegetable soil. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is 2.5:0.9:5.5. Appropriately supplement boron and zinc fertilizers, and pay attention to hole application of multi-element vegetable-specific fertilizer. For seedlings suffering fertilizer damage, control fertilization in time and spray growth regulators on the foliage. When salt damage or fertilizer damage occurs, water the vegetable plot in time, cover with poor, thin soil, press down the salt and buffer the soil nutrient concentration, to prevent vegetables from being "overstuffed" by fertilizer.