Key production technology points for winter greenhouse cultivation of maitake
1. Greenhouse construction: The greenhouse is an ordinary vegetable greenhouse with no reserved ventilation holes. Ventilation uses heated air entering the greenhouse through ventilation pipes, effectively resolving the contradiction between ventilation and heating during winter mushroom production. Heating inside the greenhouse uses a boiler hot-air blower. Microcomputer technology is used to achieve automatic temperature control with unattended operation.
2. Mushroom rack setup: The mushroom racks use a tiered shelf structure, increasing the production area, effectively raising output value, and reducing production costs.
3. Mushroom rack construction: The mushroom racks can be built from various materials, forming long troughs 1 m wide and 25 cm high, with the length determined by the greenhouse length, and can be designed with or without partitions. Note two points. First, a space of no less than 35 cm must be left between the upper and lower tiers for maitake growth, ventilation, and light. Second, drainage holes must be left along the sides of the mushroom rack uprights according to the length, to prevent mushroom bags from rotting later due to excessive watering.
4. Irrigation system: Use 5-hole micro-sprinkler tape, suspended 20 cm above the mushroom racks. Be careful not to place it too low, to avoid hindering maitake growth.
5. Heating system: Use an external boiler to avoid competing for oxygen with the maitake inside the greenhouse. A wall-mounted hot-air blower is used on the north wall inside the greenhouse. Note that the airflow should be directed toward the wall, not blowing directly onto the mushroom racks.
6. Ventilation system: Use externally heated air supplied directly through ventilation pipes, with one ventilation opening every 6 m. The ventilation pipes are installed on the north wall at a height not exceeding 1. m.
7. Humidification system: Use a portable humidifier.
8. Casing soil thickness: To ensure the quality of maitake, our base uses soil-based cultivation. Depending on the planned fruiting time, casing soil thickness can be 2--5 cm, and good fruiting can be achieved with any of these soil layer thicknesses.
9. Temperature control: Microcomputer automatic control is used, with 24 degrees during the day and, depending on the different fruiting stages, a 5 to 10 degree temperature difference stimulation at night.
10. Irrigation and watering: On the first day of cultivation, soak with a large amount of water for 24 hours; note that the time should not be too long. Then carry out routine daily watering according to the fruiting stage.
11. Humidity control: In general, spraying water on the walls and increasing the number of micro-sprinkler cycles can meet the humidity requirements of maitake, without needing to use a humidifier; only after maitake leaflets unfold is a humidifier used briefly during the day.
12. Light control: First hang shade nets inside the greenhouse for light filtration; depending on the light conditions, either a single-layer or double-layer shade net can be used.
13. Color-change treatment for maitake: 72 hours before harvesting maitake, increase the temperature difference stimulation to 10 degrees Celsius. Appropriately increase light intensity.