What are the key points of winter management for peach trees? Reading this article is enough

I. Winter digging and fertilization

1. Winter digging. Winter digging loosens the soil, enhances soil permeability, improves soil physical and chemical properties, and creates good environmental conditions for peach tree growth; it can also effectively reduce the base number of pests and diseases. For young trees, deep digging can be carried out about 1 m below the canopy and around the outer vertical projection of the canopy, expanding year by year until the areas meet. The deep digging depth should be 20-30 cm. For large trees, full-orchard deep digging can be carried out after applying base fertilizer. Note that digging should be shallow near the trunk and deep away from the trunk.

2. Fertilization. The fertilizer type is mainly slow-release decomposed organic fertilizer, including commercial organic fertilizer and self-composted farmyard poultry and livestock manure, etc. The amount of fertilizer applied varies with tree age, growth vigor, and growing conditions, but the amount of base fertilizer should account for more than 60% of the total annual fertilization. The fertilization method is mainly trench application: open trenches on both sides of the vertical ground around the outer edge of the peach tree canopy, 40 cm deep and 30 cm wide, around the outer edge of the canopy, apply the fertilizer, then cover with soil.

II. Winter pruning

1. Pruning of young trees. The main purpose of pruning young trees is to expand the canopy and lay a good tree-shape foundation for future high yields. When pruning, follow the requirements of the tree shape, prune according to the tree, and select, arrange, and cultivate the main branches and side branches according to local conditions, while appropriately leaving more auxiliary branches and fruiting branches. At the same time, promptly adjust the angle and growth vigor between the main and side branches as required, so that the primary and secondary branches are clearly distinguished and each occupies its proper space.

2. Pruning of trees in full fruit stage. After 5-6 years of planting, peach trees begin to enter the full fruit stage. The main task of pruning is to maintain balanced tree vigor in all parts, regulate the balance of growth vigor between main and side branches, cultivate and renew branch groups, and prevent early decline and emptiness in the inner canopy.

III. Pest and disease control.

1. Orchard cleaning. Peach branches pruned in winter, peach bags, scraped old bark, etc. must all be cleared out of the peach orchard and handled centrally to effectively reduce the base number of pests and diseases.

2. Pesticide application. After winter pruning, spray 5 degrees Baume lime-sulfur mixture and 0.3% sodium pentachlorophenate to control overwintering pests and diseases.

3. Whitewashing. The whitewash is prepared with 1 kg quicklime, 3-5 kg water, and 2 small teaspoons salt. Preparation method: first mix the quicklime with water into a paste, then dissolve the salt with a small amount of hot water and pour it in, then add water and adjust until it is not lumpy and has a sticky consistency easy to brush on.