What are the winter vegetable frost protection measures? A detailed explanation of practical technical points
In winter, crops and vegetables are also afraid of the cold. How can we ensure the normal growth of crops in winter?
????Frost protection measures for open-field vegetables
1. Make a sun-facing vegetable bed: make the bed surface slope slightly toward the south to increase the amount of solar radiation the bed surface receives and raise the soil temperature.
2. Low-ditch close planting and appropriately deep planting. In winter, northwest winds blow frequently, so shallow ditches 10-13 cm deep can be opened on the bed in an east-west or northeast-southwest direction, and the vegetables planted in the ditches, which has a wind-sheltering and warming effect. Winter vegetables should be planted somewhat deep, burying the root and stem parts that are prone to frost damage into the soil, which can avoid wind exposure and reduce frost damage.
3. Artificial covering for frost protection. Before winter begins, scatter fallen leaves, pine needles or crop straw on the vegetable beds as long-term winter mulch, and remove it when the weather warms up in spring.
4. Manage fertilizer and water well, and irrigate with antifreeze water at the right time. After winter vegetables are planted, fertilizer and water should be applied reasonably to promote early growth. After winter begins, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied should be controlled to prevent excessive lush growth that is too tender. 1-2 days before a cold wave invades, and after the cold wave has passed when the weather warms and the soil thaws, water should be applied or diluted human manure and urine should be applied at the right time. This can prevent the ground temperature from dropping too low and prompt the crops to resume growth in time.
????Frost protection measures for greenhouse vegetables
1. Strengthen covering: build small arch tunnels inside the greenhouse, using thin bamboo poles etc. as arch frames, cover with film at night, and cover the film with straw mats; cover the ground inside the greenhouse with plastic film, which can increase temperature and preserve moisture. Use plastic film as a skirt around the bottom inside the greenhouse, which can significantly reduce cold air invasion at the bottom; at the same time, pay attention to plugging gaps in the greenhouse to minimize heat loss through the gaps.
2. Temporary heating. When the daytime temperature inside the greenhouse is below 15°C and the nighttime temperature is below 5°C, chilling injury or frost damage may occur. Temporary heating measures should be taken at night to supplement heat artificially, that is, place several coal ball stoves inside the greenhouse to raise the temperature inside.
3. Strengthen fertilizer and water management. Before and during low-temperature frost damage, crops should stop using nitrogen fertilizer to prevent the plants from becoming too soft, which lowers their cold resistance, and from fertilizer damage causing seedling death. A 0.3-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and a 400-500 times diluted plant antifreeze solution can be sprayed. Pour diluted manure water inside the greenhouse so the soil does not freeze easily, achieving the purpose of protecting seedlings and preventing cold damage.