Key Technical Points for Winter Field Management of Wheat
From sowing and emergence to heading, the field management of winter wheat during this period can be divided into several stages: from emergence to overwintering is the first stage, which is winter management; from green-up to heading is the second stage, which is spring management; from heading to maturity is the wheat yield formation period, a critical time that determines the level of yield, and this is the third stage, which is late-stage management.
The main tasks of winter wheat field management are to cultivate strong seedlings, ensure full stands, uniform and even seedlings that overwinter safely, and increase the number of tillers. The standard for strong seedlings is having more tillers, thick and sturdy growth, wide and dark green leaves, and a well-developed root system. This is the foundation for increasing the number of ears per plant and striving for large ears and large grains, and is an important guarantee for achieving high yields.
From heading to maturity is the late growth period of wheat. At this time, it is important to do a good job of protecting the roots and leaves of wheat to prevent premature senescence. First, the water supply must be considered; at this time, the field soil moisture should be maintained at 65%-80%. Too much water leads to insufficient soil air and premature root senescence. Too little water means insufficient moisture, which will cause yield reduction.
Check seedlings and replant? After emergence, check seedlings and replant in a timely manner to ensure a full stand, hoe and scarify in a timely manner to break up soil crusting, preserve soil moisture and increase temperature, promote root penetration, and maintain the basic seedling number at 150,000-180,000 plants, with the pre-winter population controlled at 600,000-800,000 plants.
Supplemental winter irrigation? Proper winter irrigation not only helps preserve seedlings through the winter, but also helps maintain good soil moisture in early spring after the new year, so as to delay the first fertilization and irrigation in spring and create conditions for shifting nitrogen fertilizer application later. The timing of irrigation should be flexibly controlled; for fields with poor soil moisture, irrigate earlier to promote pre-winter tillering and ensure a sufficient pre-winter population.
Intertillage and scarification? For wheat fields that have been irrigated with emergence water, after the wheat seedlings are fully established, hoe and scarify the soil in a timely manner to break up crusting, raise soil temperature, and eliminate weeds; for fields with excessive growth, plant height exceeding 27 cm, and a per-mu population exceeding the reasonable population (large-ear types require the overwintering population to reach 1.8-2 times the planned number of ears per mu, while medium- and multi-ear types require 1.2-1.5 times the planned number of ears per mu), measures such as pressing, chemical regulation, or deep cultivation and root cutting should be taken in a timely manner to control the population.
Chemical weeding? Carry out in mid-to-late November. For fields with general weed occurrence, use 10% tribenuron-methyl (Juxin) wettable powder 10-15 g per mu for control; for fields with troublesome weeds such as cleavers and sun spurge, use 200 g/L fluroxypyr (Starane) emulsifiable concentrate 30-40 mL plus 10% tribenuron-methyl wettable powder 10-15 g per mu for control; for plots with more wild oats, use 6.9% fenoxaprop-P-ethyl concentrated emulsion 50-60 mL plus 10% tribenuron-methyl wettable powder 10-15 g per mu for control. Wang Aiping
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