Detailed Explanation of Four Major Technical Measures for Pollution-Free Production of Edible Fungi

1. Improve the ecological environment. Cultivation houses and sheds should be located near rivers, with smooth air flow and open surroundings, at least 3000 m away from livestock and poultry farms, brewing plants, residential areas and hospitals; the site should be treated by turning the soil, sun-bleaching and flooding instead of chemical disinfection with pesticides; the water source and water quality should be clean and pollution-free, and it is strictly forbidden to spray mushrooms with sewage or soak them in it.

2. Advocate biological control. Plant mold inhibitors and plant pesticides can be used in the preparation of the culture medium, such as the Chinese medicinal herb perilla and the woody oil plant rapeseed cake, which can all be made into plant pesticides to kill insects and control mites. It is also possible to strengthen the mushrooms to suppress insects by strictly controlling every link, from strain selection and breeding, culture medium ratio, pile fermentation, inoculation and mycelial growth, to fruiting body management, so as to reduce pests and diseases, cultivate robust fruiting bodies and enhance their own resistance to diseases and pests. In addition, specific mushroom crop rotation and intercropping can be adopted; for example, Dictyophora indusiata (bamboo fungus) has a strong fragrance that makes mosquitoes and insects fear it on smelling it, so alternating rotation of mushrooms and bamboo fungus is also conducive to insect prevention.

3. Implement physical control. Inoculation rooms, mycelial growth rooms, ultra-clean workbenches, etc. can be disinfected and sterilized by irradiation with 30-watt ultraviolet lamps; electronic ozone sterilizers can also be used for disinfection and sterilization. Cultivation houses can use blacklight lamps to trap and kill mushroom mosquitoes, flies, leafhoppers and other insects. Insect-proof nets, screens, etc. should be installed on the doors and windows of mushroom houses (sheds).

4. Strictly use pesticides scientifically. Adhere to prevention first. When it is determined that chemical pesticides must be used, agents with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residues must be selected, such as trichlorfon, phoxim, propargite, fipronil, thiophanate-methyl and metalaxyl. Pesticides should be applied before mushrooms appear or after each batch of mushrooms is harvested, and attention should be paid to small-scale, localized application to prevent spreading contamination. It is strictly forbidden to spray pesticides during the mushroom-growing period, and it is forbidden to use methamidophos, methyl parathion 1605, 1059, monocrotophos, isocarbophos, chlordimeform, omethoate, toxaphene and all other mercury-based pesticides as well as other highly toxic and high-residue pesticides in the process of mushroom production.