Detailed Explanation of the Operational Plan for Ammoniated Straw Cattle Feeding Technology
Ammoniation of corn straw enables more effective utilization by beef cattle and delivers a more effective fattening result. Compared with feeding straw alone, ammoniation not only improves the fattening effect in beef cattle but also reduces the incidence of digestive system diseases in beef cattle.
????I. Selection of fattening cattle,Mainly yellow cattle, with other breeds secondary. The selection of fattening cattle mainly requires attention to the following aspects.
Age. It is more suitable to select young adult cattle aged 2-3 years,
Health status. It is best to select those with good mental state, strong walking, bright eyes, and vigorous appetite. After artificial insemination, the first hybrid generation has the advantages of rapid growth, high feed utilization rate, high slaughter rate, and excellent meat quality. Fattening this type of cattle gives a relatively ideal effect.
????II. Characteristics and production methods of ammoniated feed
(1) Characteristics of ammoniated feed
So-called ammoniated feed is feed made from crop straw that has been chopped, treated with ammonia, and sealed for 10-15 days. It has the characteristics of high nutritional value, easy digestion, easy storage, and good palatability. It not only retains the various nutrients of the original feed but also contains a large amount of free ammonia, which is absorbed and utilized by the animal body after rumen microorganisms synthesize it into bacterial protein. Ammoniated feed is mainly suitable for ruminants such as cattle and sheep.
(2) Production of ammoniated feed
The straws used to make ammoniated feed include: wheat straw, corn stalks, bean stalks, forage grass, etc. The ammonia source is mainly urea. The production method is: chop the straw to 1-3 cm, use 3-5 kg of urea per 100 kg of straw, add 60-80 kg of water, evenly spray it on the straw, and finally put it into an ammoniation pit. After compacting it layer by layer, seal it with plastic film, and prevent sunlight and rain exposure. After a fermentation process of 10-15 days, the ammoniated feed can be taken out to release ammonia and be fed. The ammonia release time is generally 6-12 hours. Ammonia addition must be sufficient to prevent ammonia poisoning. When feeding for the first time, feed a small amount, then gradually increase it.
(3) Construction of the ammoniation pit: The ammoniation pit can be built outdoors or indoors; it can be built above ground, underground, or semi-aboveground and semi-underground. Farmers can decide according to specific circumstances. Based on one fattening period of 130 days for cattle and a feed requirement of 2 tons, it is appropriate to build 2 cubic meters of ammoniation pit per fattening cattle. A small round hole with a diameter of 3 cm should be left at the bottom of the pit to facilitate cleaning and sewage discharge. After the pit is built with bricks, the inner wall can be smoothed and polished with high-grade mortar. A sealing groove must be made at the edge of the pit.
Occurrence of diseases, reduce costs, and increase economic income. In winter, pay attention to cold protection and warmth; in summer, pay attention to heat avoidance; supply clean drinking water; pay attention to the hygiene of the cattle body and barn; often supply additives; achieve a reasonable combination of roughage, concentrate, and green feed. Each fattening cow must not receive less than 1 kg of concentrate per day. Only in this way can the cattle's needs for various nutrients be met.
According to veterinary technical requirements, regularly inject cattle with vaccines such as foot-and-mouth disease and bovine pasteurellosis, so as to eliminate the occurrence of infectious diseases and ensure the healthy development of the fattening cattle herd. At the same time, attention must always be paid to changes in the cattle's appetite. If abnormal appetite changes are found, the cause should be identified immediately and diagnosis and treatment should be carried out. Sheep enter the school