Key Technical Points for Full Mechanization of Potato Production
Full mechanization technology for potato production takes mechanized planting and harvesting technology as its main technology, supported by mechanized deep loosening and soil preparation, soil ridging, plant protection, vine killing and residual film recovery technology, etc., to achieve the goal of reducing operation steps and improving production efficiency. It is suitable for potato field production in dryland farming and irrigated areas of Gansu.
????I. Technical process route for full mechanization of potato production
Mechanical deep loosening and soil preparation (including rotary tillage and fertilization) - mechanized planting (including seed potato selection and treatment, soil ridging) - mechanized plant protection (including intertillage, weeding, spraying) - mechanized harvesting (including pre-sowing vine killing) - mechanized residual film recovery.
????II. Main technical contents
(1) Mechanized deep loosening and soil preparation technology: After the previous crop is harvested, carry out deep loosening (plowing), stubble cleaning, rotary tillage and other operations in a timely manner. The depth of deep loosening is generally 25-40 cm. The timing of deep loosening operations should be selected according to the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of local rainfall, so as to store more natural precipitation, and it should be carried out every 2-4 years. Main machines include IGQN160, IGQN250, ISQ-240, ISQ-340, IS-200 and other deep loosening and soil preparation machines.
(2) Mechanized sowing technology: Mechanized planting technology is a key link in the full mechanization of potato production. Film-mulched planting or open-field planting can be selected according to needs. At present, the main potato planters promoted in our province are single-row or double-row planters matched with tractors, which can complete trenching, sowing, fertilizing, ridging, film mulching, compacting and other operation steps in one pass. The operation quality meets local agronomic technical requirements, seizes the farming season, and is highly efficient. Main machines include 2CMF-2, 2CM-1/2, 2BFM-2, 1220A, 1220 and other potato planters.
(3) Mechanized soil ridging technology: Mechanized soil ridging technology involves evenly scattering soil 3-50 mm thick on the film surface one week after potato sowing, so as to solve the problem of misalignment between seed holes and seedlings during potato emergence, avoid manual seedling release, and improve operation efficiency. The main machine is the 2TD-S2 potato soil ridging machine.
(4) Mechanized plant protection technology: Mechanized plant protection technology uses sprayers to control potato weeds, diseases and insect pests. According to the occurrence patterns of local potato diseases, insects and weeds, prevention and control operations are carried out according to plant protection requirements for selecting agents, dosage and mechanized high-efficiency plant protection technical operating procedures. Main machines include 3WX-200, 650, 1000 and 3WQ-3000 series products and other plant protection machines.
(5) Mechanized vine killing technology: Before potato harvest, mechanized potato vine beating technology can complete the cleaning of potato vines in one pass, and can also suck up and crush vines that have fallen in the furrows. Before the vine beating machine operates, the vine beating machine should first be raised to a height of 20-25 cm between the hammer claws and the ground, and the power output shaft should be engaged and run for 1-2 minutes. Then, when shifting into gear for operation, the hammer claws must not strike soil during operation. If the hammer claws are found to strike soil, the height of the land wheels from the ground or the length of the tractor's upper suspension rod should be adjusted. The main machine is the 1JH-100 potato vine beating machine.
(6) Mechanized harvesting technology: Mechanized harvesting technology is a key link in the full mechanization of potato production. It can complete multiple operation steps such as potato digging, lifting, transporting and separating in one pass. Large potato harvesting machines are used in larger fields in the Hexi area, while small vibrating potato harvesters are suitable for other areas in the province such as mountainous and hilly areas, which can improve harvesting efficiency and reduce the potato damage rate. Main machines include Zhongji Meinuo 1400, Zhongji Meinuo 1520, 4U-800, 4JW-830 and other potato harvesters.
(7) Mechanized residual film recovery technology: After potato harvest, remove waste film from the field in a timely manner to prevent white pollution. The main machine is the 1MFJS-125A waste film pickup machine and others. Liu Zhenghua