What are the water-saving technical measures for wheat cultivation?
The integrated technical model of drought-resistant and water-saving irrigation for wheat is suitable for drought-resistant irrigation in the Taihang Mountain piedmont plain area and the Heilonggang area of Hebei Province.
1. Select drought-resistant and water-saving wheat varieties. For plots with good irrigation conditions, high-yield, stable-yield, multi-resistant and water-saving varieties such as Han 6172, Shijiazhuang No. 8, and the dual-purpose irrigated and dryland variety Han 5316 should be selected; for plots with poor irrigation conditions, drought-resistant and water-saving varieties such as Han 4589 and Shi 4185 should be selected.
2. Sow with sufficient soil moisture. For plots with insufficient soil moisture, generally irrigate 50 cubic meters per mu, striving to make the water storage in the 0-200 cm soil layer reach about 90% of field capacity. Never sow by seizing whatever moisture is available.
3. Apply fertilizer rationally, all as basal application. Generally apply 2.0 cubic meters of organic fertilizer, 15-20 kg of diammonium phosphate, 15 kg of urea, 15 kg of potash fertilizer, and 1-2 kg of micronutrient fertilizer per mu. According to a survey in Qiu County, with the above fertilization method, all fertilizer is applied once as basal application, and no topdressing is needed throughout the whole growth period.
4. Sow appropriately late, and compensate for lateness with density. Sow appropriately late on the premise of ensuring the safe overwintering of wheat seedlings, to reduce water consumption of the wheat field before winter. The suitable sowing period for wheat in water-saving wheat fields is October 10-20, with a basic seedling population of 350,000-500,000 (when sown on October 10, the basic seedling population is 350,000; for each day of delayed sowing, increase seedlings by 15,000, with 500,000 as the maximum seedling limit).
5. Plots with straw returned to the field must be irrigated with overwintering water to settle the soil, ensure the safe overwintering of seedlings, implement moisture-conservation measures, and irrigate key water well. First, hoe and scratch the wheat field to conserve moisture before winter and in early spring. Second, irrigate at key periods to give full play to the yield-increasing effect of irrigation water. For spring wheat, generally irrigating the two waters of standing-jointing and flowering-filling is sufficient. Bai Wenqi