Detailed Explanation of Key Points of Wheat No-Till Seeding Technology
Wheat no-till seeding is an important part of conservation tillage, and the quality of seeding directly affects the size of the benefits produced by conservation technology. To improve the quality of wheat no-till seeding, the following issues should be noted:
1. Surface cover should be uniform. Try to achieve mechanized return of corn straw to the field while it is standing, which can be done in one pass. Returning straw to the field after manual cutting will make the surface cover uneven and easily cause blockage during seeder operation.
2. Choose good varieties. The row spacing for no-till wheat seeding is 26 cm, which is larger than conventional seeding row spacing, and the number of plants per mu is smaller. Therefore, when selecting wheat varieties, choose high-quality varieties with strong drought resistance and tillering ability. Experts recommend: Lumai 21 and Yannong 19. Before sowing, carry out necessary uniform seed dressing or coating treatment.
3. Sow with sufficient soil moisture. Try to avoid irrigation after sowing, so as to avoid thickening the covering soil and excessively low surface temperature, which can cause weak wheat seedlings and affect tillering before winter, resulting in an insufficient wheat population before winter and preventing strong seedlings from overwintering.
4. Apply sufficient base fertilizer. Try to apply sufficient granular compound or blended base fertilizer in one application. 25-35 kg per mu is sufficient. If patchy yellow seedlings occur in the field, nitrogen fertilizer can be supplemented along with irrigation. Do not reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer applied in the first year; afterward, gradually reduce the application rate according to soil organic matter and available nutrient content.
5. Sow at the appropriate time and rate. Under good soil moisture conditions, winter wheat should be sown at the appropriate time; under poor soil moisture conditions, sowing can be appropriately advanced by 3-5 days, and the seeding rate increased by 1.5-2 kg/mu.
6. Control sowing depth well. When soil moisture is good and emergence can be ensured, shallow sowing is preferable to deep sowing. It can be kept between 1.5-4 cm according to soil moisture. If sowing is too deep, first, emergence is delayed and wheat tillering ability is poor. Second, it is not conducive to the dispersal of wheat during soil penetration, making the seedling band too narrow. According to field measurements last year, wheat sown at a depth of 1.5-3 cm had 4-7 tillers, with a seedling band width of 11-16 cm. However, wheat sown at a depth below 4 cm had 3-5 tillers, with a seedling band width of 7-11 cm.
7. Apply fertilizer with the freezing water. In places with irrigation conditions, to prevent premature green-up due to fertilizer deficiency, in years with poor soil moisture, adopting irrigation with fertilizer together with the freezing water is very helpful for plots with an insufficient population before winter. Yin Shuhong