Detailed Explanation of the Key Management Techniques for the Fruiting Period of Pleurotus pulmonarius
(1) Treatment of the fruiting room: sterilization and pest control.
(2) After stacking, open one end of each mushroom bag; do not rush to turn back the bag opening (standard: the opening may only be turned back once mushroom primordia are present).
(3) Put water on the indoor floor to maintain 85%--90% air humidity.
(4) Ventilate and keep the air fresh; do not let it become stuffy.
(5) Adjust the temperature to 15 degC-18 degC and widen the day-night temperature difference.
(6) Artificially reduce light (standard: it should be just enough that newspaper text can be seen indoors)
Fruiting management
When picking mushrooms, follow the principle of picking first, then spraying water, and then ventilating; this helps the mycelium on the bed surface recover and avoids the phenomenon of large mushrooms being picked while small mushrooms die.
When picking mushrooms, use your fingers to grasp the stem of the mushroom as much as possible and twist it off to harvest it, protecting the bed surface and shortening the fruiting cycle. During picking, clear the bed surface at any time: first, to nourish the mycelium; second, to avoid infection of the bed surface by contaminating microorganisms. Also spray a special flush-promoting agent (triacontanol).
????Issues to note in management:
(1) When ventilating, you may ventilate on the leeward side according to wind direction and wind force; when there is no wind, ventilate from both sides at the same time. The amount of water sprayed should be determined by the wind force. Ventilation and water spraying should depend on the weather. On cloudy, rainy, and foggy days, humidity is high and air movement is slow; at this time, do not spray water or spray less water, and extend the ventilation time or ventilate for a long time at night.
(2) If ventilation is too little, the mushrooms develop poorly, becoming deformed, with long stems and small caps, thin and small caps, and the mycelium ages prematurely and shrinks, causing various diseases. If ventilation is too much, indoor humidity is low, the mushroom caps turn yellow, develop split edges, and become large thin sheets, causing mushroom primordia and young mushrooms to dry out and die. The first flush occurs during the high-temperature period (20 degC--25 degC); the mushrooms grow quickly and have vigorous metabolism, and the shed produces more carbon dioxide, so ventilation should be appropriately increased, but there is one principle: do not raise the indoor temperature while also not lowering the indoor temperature. In the later stage, fewer mushrooms are produced and indoor carbon dioxide decreases accordingly; at this time, pay attention to ventilation: ventilate while also raising the temperature, that is, ventilate when the outdoor temperature is high. The principle is to introduce warm air from outside the shed to raise the temperature inside the shed.
(3) Water spraying: the spray droplets should be fine and uniform, the spray hole size should be properly controlled, and the spray head should be moved at a steady and regular speed; do not spray haphazardly or unevenly, and do not let it go high and low, causing dead corners. After heavy spraying, carry out one thorough ventilation, limited to 15-30 minutes. When there are many and large mushrooms, spray a somewhat larger amount of water. When it is windy outside and the weather is dry, spray a larger amount of water too. Conversely, when the indoor temperature is suitable (12 degC--18 degC), spray more water; during high and low temperatures, spray less water. When indoor moisture retention is poor, spray more water, or put water in the shed. In addition, more water needs to be sprayed near the doorway and in dead corners, and one must not rigidly follow fixed rules.
In short, throughout the entire growth process, try to make the temperature fluctuate between high and low so as to promote rapid formation and growth of the mushrooms.
????Specific management measures after harvesting:
(1) After harvesting, stop watering for 2-3 days, clean the bed surface (without damaging the bed base), and clean the indoor sanitation. Spray the bed surface with a dedicated nutrient and fungicide, then pull down the bag openings, spray water to retain moisture, with the standard being that the bed surface does not dry into a crust. Management should aim to lower humidity, raise the temperature to 20 degC--22 degC, and reduce light.
(2) Supplement nutrition. After the second flush, most of the nutrients and moisture are lost, so water and nutrients need to be supplemented. When supplementing nutrients, note the following:
A. Water supplementation should depend on the size of the young mushrooms on the bed surface. It is forbidden to supplement large amounts of water when mushrooms are present.
B. It is not allowed to supplement water immediately after finishing harvesting.
C. It is not allowed to use the same type of nutrient continuously.
The amount of water supplemented should preferably be 250-300 grams. Method: soak for more than 24 hours or use a water supplementer to add water directly.
Later-stage management
For the growing substrate that has already produced two flushes, water and nutrients have been heavily depleted. To increase yield, wall-type soil casing for fruiting can be used (single row or double row).
Nutrient soil formula: use fertile garden soil (0.5-0.7 cubic meters are needed for 1000 jin of substrate), add 1-2% lime and 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and mix into mud. Place one layer of soil and one layer of bags, and use trapezoidal soil casing for fruiting. Arrange them in 6-8 layers, with a bit more soil on the top layer, shaped into a small water channel. By watering the small water channel, the nutrient soil can often be kept moist, which both maintains water supply and reduces the number of water sprayings.
According to the above management, the average fruiting yield can exceed a biological conversion rate of 100%--150%.