Technical Regulations for Greenhouse Cultivation of Shaggy Mane Mushroom in Autumn and Winter

1. Cultivation schedule: The shaggy mane mushroom cultivation substrate is fermented in late August, inoculated and colonized in early September, and the spawn bags are moved into the greenhouse for soil-casing cultivation and fruiting in late October, with the first flush of the first crop harvested in mid-November; the second crop is inoculated and colonized in late November to prepare for the second cultivation cycle, and the first flush of the second crop is harvested in mid-December; the third flush of the first crop is harvested in early January of the following year; the second crop of shaggy mane mushroom is planted in late January, and production ends in late April.

2. Cultivation formulas: (1) 100 kg cottonseed hulls, 2 kg phosphate fertilizer, 0.5 kg urea, 2 kg lime, 150-160 kg water. (2) 100 kg corncobs, 1 kg diammonium phosphate, 3.5 kg lime, 150 kg water. (3) 80 kg corn stalk powder, 20 kg horse manure powder, 1 kg urea, 2 kg phosphate fertilizer, 3 kg lime, 150 kg water. (4) 60 kg cotton stalk chips, 30 kg corncobs, 10 kg dry horse manure, 1 kg urea, 2 kg phosphate fertilizer, 3-4 kg lime, 150 kg water.

3. Substrate fermentation: First, fully pre-wet the raw materials and pile them for fermentation, with each pile no less than 3 cubic meters. When the temperature reaches 60-65°C, maintain it for 12 hours, then turn the pile; after turning, allow the temperature to rise again to 60-65°C and hold for 12 hours, for a total of 3 turnings. The fermented substrate should be dark brown, have a fermentation aroma, no foul odor, no ammonia smell, a pH of 7-8, and a moisture content of 60-65%. After fermentation is complete, spread out to cool and prepare for bagging and inoculation.

4. Bagging and inoculation: Use plastic film bags with a folded width of 22-24 cm and a length of 35 cm for colonization. Break the spawn into pieces the size of red dates and use the 4:5:5:4 inoculation method, that is, inoculate 4 pieces of spawn at each end of the bag, and place five pieces of spawn at intervals of 12 cm in the middle, for a total of 4 layers of inoculation. After filling the bag firmly with substrate, it should be firm enough that when supported by hand at the middle, both ends do not sag. After the bag is filled, pierce it through from both ends with a pointed wooden stick 3 cm in diameter to facilitate ventilation and oxygen supply. The amount of spawn used is 15-20% of the dry substrate.

5. Colonization: After the bags are filled, place them indoors. When room temperature is high, stack them two layers per pile; when room temperature is low, stack them four layers per pile, to facilitate heat dissipation and prevent temperature rise from killing the mycelium. During colonization, keep the substrate temperature at 22-28°C and the indoor relative air humidity at around 60%. During the colonization period, observe temperature changes carefully. When the substrate temperature is high, turn the stacks to dissipate heat and lower the temperature, so as to promote uniform colonization.

6. Soil-casing cultivation: After 20 days of colonization, when the mycelium has grown throughout the entire bag, cultivate for another 5 days before moving into the greenhouse for soil-casing cultivation. The method is: remove the bags from the substrate blocks, place two blocks side by side horizontally with a vertical stick in between, and make beds running north-south, with 85-90 blocks per bed being appropriate. Then cover the blocks firmly with soil, with a 3-5 cm layer of mixed coarse and fine soil on top (loam soil is suitable for covering the blocks). Before use, mix the casing soil with 1-2% lime, spray an appropriate amount of trichlorfon and formaldehyde solution, cover with film and seal for 24-48 hours to sterilize and kill insects. At the same time, adjust humidity and pH (7-8). Once the chemical odor has dissipated, it is ready for use.

7. Fruiting management: Fruiting begins 20 days after the blocks are moved into the greenhouse and covered with soil. Before this, maintain the greenhouse temperature at 16-25°C. Under suitable humidity management, the biological efficiency is 141-152%, meaning 1 kg of substrate can produce about 1.5 kg of shaggy mane mushroom, while when the temperature is above 25°C, the biological efficiency is only 80%. In addition, sufficient oxygen and suitable lighting conditions should be maintained in the greenhouse.

8. Harvesting: The fruiting bodies of shaggy mane mushroom grow to full size after 7-8 days and should be harvested promptly before the caps open. Otherwise, after the shaggy mane mushroom matures and the cap opens, the black spores it releases can cause the fruiting bodies to undergo autolysis, greatly reducing the commercial value of the shaggy mane mushroom.

9. Management of the second flush: After the first flush is completely harvested, clean away the mushroom bases and dead mushrooms from the bed surface, replenish with fertilized soil, spray water on the bed surface, and manage the second flush according to normal practices. Subsequent third and fourth flushes are managed in the same way. Shaggy mane mushroom can produce 3-5 flushes in one production cycle. 10. Pest and disease control: Shaggy mane mushroom has extremely strong resistance to competing microorganisms and generally does not require chemical sterilization. It is only necessary to kill soil-borne contaminants and insect eggs with trichlorfon and formaldehyde solution before soil casing.