How should pig diets be formulated to be appropriate? Master the key points of scientific ratio
????Adjust the diet appropriately
Increase energy. In spring, the diet ratio should be adjusted appropriately, with it being advisable to increase the energy level of the diet and reduce the protein level. Among ingredients, corn and oil bran-type ingredients can be used more, while bran, rice husk, straw and other worthless ingredients should be used less.
Increase palatability. An increase in feed intake can enhance pigs' resistance to low temperatures, and appropriately adding oil to the diet can improve its palatability. For piglets, sweeteners have a very good feed-attracting effect.
Ensure vitamin intake. To avoid stress in pigs in spring that may lead to disease, it is very necessary to supplement the body's vitamin levels, that is, feed a certain amount of green feed. For breeding pigs, a certain amount of compound vitamins can be added to the feed; for replacement gilts, appropriately more green feed rich in vitamin A and vitamin E can be fed; for piglets, work on iron and selenium supplementation should also be done well to prevent anemia from affecting their growth.
Focus on choosing feeding methods
Feeding should be scientific and reasonable. According to the nutritional needs supplied to sows at different stages, the feeding of pregnant sows varies from pig to pig. In production, the following three methods are generally used: for multiparous sows in poor body condition, concentrated feed needs to be added 20 days before mating and 10 days after mating, and after body condition recovers, green feed should be the main feed, fed according to feeding standards, until 80 days after pregnancy, when concentrated feed should be added again, but the nutritional level in the later stage should be higher than in the earlier stage. For multiparous sows in good body condition before mating, more green and roughage feed can be fed in the early stage of pregnancy, and concentrated feed added in the later stage. For first-litter sows and sows mated during lactation, it is advisable to mainly feed green and roughage feed in early pregnancy, gradually increase the proportion of concentrated feed, and correspondingly increase protein and minerals in the feed. However, note that one week before farrowing, the diet should be reduced by 10%-20%.
????Supply sufficient nutrition to sows and piglets
Meeting the supply of nutrients is necessary to ensure the normal growth and development of sows and fetuses. The nutrients sows obtain from the diet first meet the needs of fetal growth and development, and only then supply themselves and store nutrition for lactation. In addition to supplying the energy and protein feed needed by sows for growth, the needs for minerals and vitamins should also be met, avoiding a single feed type that affects the normal growth and development of the sow and piglets.
?Feed at fixed times and in fixed amounts reasonably
The ration fed to pregnant sows should be scientifically and reasonably formulated according to their nutritional needs. Attention should be paid to hygiene and quality assurance. It is strictly forbidden to feed moldy, frozen, toxic or strongly irritating feed, otherwise miscarriage is likely to occur; at the same time, take care not to change feed varieties at will. When feeding green and roughage feed, feed less but add more frequently, at fixed times and in fixed amounts, and ensure that sows can drink clean water at any time.
Effectively strengthen feeding management
The key point in managing pregnant sows is to do a good job of protecting the fetus. In production, first, during the first month of pregnancy, sows should eat well, sleep well and move little; after one month, they should exercise as much as possible, maintaining 1 hour to 2 hours per day, and it is even better if combined with grazing; second, exercise should be stopped in bad weather to prevent slipping or miscarriage caused by severe uterine contractions due to stress; third, whipping and kicking are strictly forbidden, and crossing ditches and passing through doors should be slow, preventing crowding, rapid driving and sharp turns; fourth, in the middle and late stages of pregnancy, the amount of exercise should be reduced, allowing sows to move freely, and exercise should be stopped one week before farrowing; fifth, in the late stage of pregnancy, sows must be housed in individual pens; sixth, if signs of miscarriage are found, measures should be taken for treatment and progesterone should be injected promptly to protect the fetus. Liu Zhenghua