What are the pollution-free production measures for edible fungi

1. Improve the ecological environment. The cultivation houses and sheds should be selected near rivers, with smooth air flow, open surroundings, and at least 3000 m away from poultry and livestock farms, breweries, residential areas, and hospitals; the site should adopt measures such as turning the soil, sun-bleaching, and irrigation instead of pesticide disinfection; the water source and water quality should be clean and pollution-free, and it is strictly forbidden to spray mushrooms or soak them in sewage.

2. Advocate biological control. In preparing the compost, plant mold inhibitors and plant pesticides can be used, such as the Chinese medicinal herb perilla and the woody oil plant rapeseed cake, which can all be made into plant pesticides to kill insects and control mites. It is also possible to strengthen the mushrooms and suppress insects, starting with strict control at every stage, including strain selection and breeding, compost proportioning, pile fermentation, inoculation and mycelial growth, and fruiting management, to reduce pests and diseases, cultivate robust mushroom bodies, and enhance their own disease resistance and pest resistance. In addition, specific mushroom crop rotation and intercropping can also be adopted; for example, bamboo fungus (Phallus indusiatus) has a strong fragrance that mosquitoes and insects fear when they smell it, so alternating rotation of mushrooms and bamboo fungus is also conducive to pest prevention.

3. Implement physical control. Inoculation rooms, mycelial growth rooms, ultra-clean workbenches, etc., use 30-watt ultraviolet lamps for irradiation disinfection and sterilization; electronic ozone sterilizers can also be used for disinfection and sterilization. Cultivation houses use black-light lamps to trap and kill insects such as mushroom mosquitoes, flies, and leafhoppers. Doors and windows of mushroom houses (sheds) are fitted with insect-proof nets, screen windows, etc.

4. Strictly use pesticides scientifically. Adhere to prevention as the main approach, and when it is determined that chemical pesticides need to be used, agents with high efficiency, low toxicity, and low residue must be selected. Such as trichlorfon, phoxim, propargite, fipronil, thiophanate-methyl, metalaxyl, etc. Pesticides should be applied after mushrooms have not fruited or after each batch of mushrooms is harvested, and attention should be paid to small-amount, local application to prevent expanding contamination. It is strictly forbidden to spray pesticides during the mushroom-growing period, and it is forbidden to use methamidophos, methyl parathion 1605, 1059, monocrotophos, isocarbophos, chlordimeform, omethoate, toxaphene, and all other mercury-based pesticides and other highly toxic, high-residue pesticides during mushroom production.