Detailed Explanation of the Technical Regulations for "Three Savings, Three Resistances and Three Preventions" in Winter Wheat
On July 28, 2016, the Hengshui Municipal Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision issued the "Technical Regulations for 'Three Savings, Three Resistances and Three Preventions' in Winter Wheat" as a local standard of Hengshui City. The specific techniques are as follows:
I. Scope
This standard specifies the terms and definitions, basic conditions, main production indicators and production targets, sowing, fertilization, irrigation, pest and disease control, and other cultivation techniques for the "three savings, three resistances and three preventions" of winter wheat.
This standard applies to the winter wheat region of Hengshui City.
II. Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.
Three savings: refers to saving water, saving fertilizer and saving seed.
Three resistances: refers to drought resistance, cold resistance and lodging resistance.
Three preventions: refers to disease prevention, pest prevention and dry hot wind prevention.
III. Basic Conditions
1. Soil conditions: The soil is required to be flat with a good tillage foundation, and the soil texture shall be loam. The tillage layer shall contain organic matter >=15 g/kg, alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen >=70 mg/kg, available phosphorus >=18 mg/kg, and available potassium >=100 mg/kg.
2. Irrigation conditions: The irrigation water quality shall comply with the provisions of GB5084, and drainage and irrigation shall be convenient.
IV. Main Growth Indicators and Production Targets
1. Strong seedling indicators before winter: Before winter, wheat shall reach 5-6 main stem leaves, 2-3 tillers per plant, and 4-6 secondary roots. Growth shall be robust before winter.
2. Population dynamics indicators: The basic seedling number shall reach 260,000-280,000 per mu, the stem number per mu before winter shall be 600,000-800,000 per mu, at the green-up stage shall reach 800,000-900,000 per mu, at the standing-up stage shall reach 900,000-1,100,000 per mu, and at maturity shall be 420,000-460,000 per mu.
3. Yield structure indicators: The number of ears per mu shall be 420,000-460,000 per mu, the number of grains per ear shall reach 31-33, and the 1000-grain weight shall reach more than 40 g, achieving a yield of more than 500 kg per mu.
V. Sowing Techniques
1. Pre-sowing preparation: (1) Variety selection. Select varieties suitable for planting in this region and approved by the national or provincial crop variety approval committee, requiring varieties with the characteristics of high yield, many seminal roots, and strong drought resistance. (2) Seed treatment. Carefully select seeds; seed quality shall comply with the provisions of GB4404.1; before sowing, use fungicides and insecticides for seed dressing or seed coating to control underground pests and soil-borne diseases, and strictly implement the provisions of GB/T8321 and GB/T15671. (3) Soil moisture before sowing. When the relative soil water holding capacity reaches more than 70%, sowing can be carried out while taking advantage of the soil moisture, and frozen water shall be applied before winter; when the relative soil water holding capacity is below 70%, apply water for bottom soil moisture, and no frozen water shall be applied before winter. (4) Base fertilizer. Fertilizer application shall comply with the provisions of NY/T496: pure nitrogen 7-8 kg per mu, phosphorus pentoxide 6-8 kg per mu, and potassium oxide 4-6 kg per mu. (5) Apply microecological microbial agent as base fertilizer for drought resistance. When applying base fertilizer to wheat, broadcast 2.5-5 kg of microecological microbial agent per mu to improve wheat drought resistance and disease resistance. (6) Land preparation. After the previous corn crop is harvested, return the straw to the field, crush the straw twice, break and mash the straw and spread it evenly; rotary till twice, with a depth of more than 15 cm.
2. Sowing stage: (1) Sowing date. The sowing period is when the accumulated temperature before winter for wheat is 480°C-650°C, and the suitable sowing period is October 8 to 18. (2) Sowing rate. In the suitable sowing period, the sowing rate of wheat per mu shall be reduced from 17.5 kg to 14 kg, saving 3.5 kg of seed per mu compared with local conventional production fields. (3) Sowing form. Equal row spacing sowing, with an average row spacing of 15 cm. (4) Sowing quality. The sowing depth shall be 4-5 cm; the sowing spacing and depth shall be uniform and consistent, the sowing rate shall be accurate, and the soil shall be pressed after sowing. (5) Pesticide slow-release agent sown together with seeds for pest control: use 2 kg of 70% imidacloprid granular slow-release agent per mu, mix evenly with seeds and sow together, to control underground pests of wheat and spring aphids.
VI. Cultivation Techniques
1. Pre-winter management: (1) Pre-winter weed control. At the 3-5 leaf stage of wheat, select applicable herbicides according to weed types for control. For controlling dicotyledonous weeds, spray with tribenuron-methyl herbicides; for controlling monocotyledonous weeds, use 70% flucarbazone-sodium herbicide. (2) Pre-winter watering. For wheat sown while taking advantage of soil moisture, if there is no relatively large rainfall after sowing, frozen water shall be applied to ensure safe overwintering of wheat, with an irrigation volume of 50-60 cubic meters per mu. (3) Spray wheat stress-resistance regulator before winter for cold resistance. At the 3-5 leaf stage of wheat before winter, spray 30 mL per mu of a special pre-winter cold-resistance regulator to improve wheat drought resistance and cold resistance, so that wheat can overwinter safely.
2. Spring management: (1) Hoeing. Hoe in time before and after the green-up stage of wheat. (2) Spray wheat stress-resistance regulator in spring for lodging resistance. At the standing-up and jointing stage of wheat, spray 30 mL per mu of a special lodging-resistance regulator. (3) Watering and fertilization. The first spring irrigation shall be from the late standing-up stage to the early jointing stage, and the second irrigation shall be at the flowering and grain-filling stage of wheat. Each irrigation volume shall be 50-60 cubic meters per mu, saving 50-60 cubic meters of irrigation water compared with local conventional production fields. The spring urea topdressing per mu shall be reduced from 30 kg to 20 kg. (4) Disease prevention. Spray diniconazole or triadimefon to control wheat sheath blight, powdery mildew, etc.; pesticide selection shall comply with the provisions of GB/T8321.(1-9). (5) Pest control. At the heading and flowering stage of wheat, spray systemic insecticides to control wheat blossom midge; pesticide selection shall comply with the provisions of GB/T8321.(1-9). (6) Dry hot wind prevention. From the heading stage to the grain-filling stage of wheat, use 0.2 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu, dilute with 50 kg of water, and spray on the leaves.