A Complete Analysis of Edible Mushroom Cultivation Technical Measures
Site selection: It should be far from livestock and poultry farms, garbage dumps, chemical plants and crowded places, and requires convenient transportation, and an abundant water source that is clean and pollution-free. For outdoor cultivation, soil should be chosen that is fertile, loose, convenient for irrigation and drainage, and not polluted by industrial and mining enterprises.
????Cultivation management
1. Select the mushroom spawn. According to the local climate characteristics, select suitable cultivation types and varieties. Do not use aged or contaminated spawn; choose robust, high-quality, disease-resistant spawn.
2. Meticulous management. Pay attention to the hygiene of raw materials, mushroom bags and tools. Waste material should not be piled near the cultivation room, and must be used only after high-temperature composting treatment. New and old mushroom bags in the cultivation room must be stored separately in different rooms and must never be mixed together, so as to achieve strict sterilization and disinfection and prevent inoculation infection and various secondary infections. After each harvest of mushrooms, the mushroom roots and rotten mushrooms on the cultivation material and the mushroom bodies that have fallen on the ground should be
removed, and the mushroom room should be cleaned up promptly and disinfected again.
3. Scientific spawn cultivation. For different types of edible mushrooms, according to their requirements for growth and development conditions, scientifically regulate and control the temperature, humidity, light and pH value of the culture room, and properly ventilate and exchange air to promote robust growth of the mycelium and prevent the adverse environment of high temperature and high humidity. At every stage - spawn selection, culture material ratio, pile fermentation, inoculation and spawn running, and fruiting management - strict control must be exercised to cultivate robust mycelium and fruiting bodies and enhance their disease resistance.
4. Fertilization. Spraying peptone and yeast extract solution can make the mushroom bodies thick and promote flushing; spraying decomposed
human feces and urine, and after spraying, spray once more with clean water; spraying rice vinegar. In the middle and late stages of oyster mushroom growth, spray the mushroom surface with a 300-fold edible rice vinegar solution, once a day for 1-3 days before harvest, which generally can increase yield by 6%, and the color becomes even whiter; spraying culture material leachate can extend the peak fruiting period and make the fruiting bodies thick; spraying glucose and calcium carbonate solution has the effect of promoting mycelial growth.
5. Water management. The mushroom room should always maintain good ventilation, and the relative air humidity should not exceed 95%. When the natural temperature reaches 16°C, irrigate the bed once, and thereafter spray water once each in the morning, at noon and in the evening every day. When spraying water, try to spray toward the space and the ground, and do not spray onto the fruiting bodies. In low-temperature seasons, it is best to spray warm water that has been warmed in sunlight.
6. Temperature management. The temperature of the mushroom shed is best controlled at 10-18°C. When the air temperature is relatively low, extend the time of direct sunlight during the day, and cover the straw curtains tightly at night. When the air temperature is relatively high, cover the straw curtains during the day, and uncover them at night. 7. Ventilation management. When the air temperature is relatively high, uncover the straw curtains every day to ventilate for 2-3 hours; ventilate less in low-temperature and windy weather; increase ventilation before and after spraying water in the morning and evening; ventilate less during the mushroom bud differentiation stage, and ventilate more during the mushroom bud growth stage.
8. Light management. During the mushroom bud growth stage, there should be stable scattered light, and insist on airing and sunning for 1-2 hours every morning and evening to increase weak direct light; absolutely avoid strong direct light during the fruiting stage.
Pest and disease control
Edible mushrooms themselves have weak resistance to pests, and once an outbreak occurs it is not easy to control. The principle of prevention first and comprehensive control should be adhered to, mainly achieving control goals through multiple approaches such as selecting pest- and disease-resistant varieties, physical control, biological control and strengthening cultivation management.