What are the key technical measures for jujube tree cultivation?

I. Choose a good cultivation site

Jujube trees are relatively adaptable and are not strict about soil conditions, so wasteland and saline-alkali land can be fully used for cultivation in various places. However, in order to achieve higher economic benefits and produce high-quality, pollution-free products, it is best to choose a site with unpolluted air, water sources, and soil, flat and open terrain, good drainage conditions, strong soil permeability, good aeration, a relatively high groundwater level, and fertile soil. When planting jujube trees in mountainous and hilly areas, choose sunny slopes with deep soil layers; shady slopes are not suitable for planting.

II. Choose good planting varieties

There are many varieties of jujube trees. A high-quality variety must have good tree vigor, strong resistance to pests and diseases, fruit that resists cracking, good fruit shape, good fruit color, high nutrient content, and good taste. At present, excellent varieties used for drying include Jinsifeng, Jinsimi, Wuhehong, Wuhe No. 1, Wuhe No. 3, Zanhuang Dazao, and others. Among early-maturing varieties, excellent varieties for fresh eating include Zaocuiwang, Jingwei Xianzao, Zaoshu Lizao, and others, while excellent varieties for processing include Lizao, Zanhuang Dazao, and others; late-maturing varieties are mainly used for fresh eating, and high-quality varieties include Jingwei Daxuezao, Dongzao, and others. New and special varieties include Mopanzao, Huludao, and others with unusual fruit shapes, and Tailihong, Longxudao, and others with unusual tree shapes. Jujube growers can introduce and cultivate them as needed, or select scions of high-quality varieties for grafting and propagation.

III. Choose a good cultivation model

The first is dwarfed close-planting cultivation, mainly suitable for varieties that bear fruit early and have small tree types, with a plant spacing and row spacing of 2 m x 3 m or 3 m x 2 m as appropriate. The second is intercropping cultivation, mainly suitable for varieties with medium or larger tree types that bear fruit relatively late, with a row spacing of 8-10 m and a plant spacing of 3-5 m. Other crops can be interplanted between the trees in the early stage.

IV. Choose a good cultivation time

Jujube trees can be cultivated throughout the entire dormant period from leaf fall to before sprouting the following year, and this is divided into spring planting and autumn planting. According to many years of cultivation experience, when planting with 2-year-old and older root-sucker seedlings, spring-planted trees should be watered thoroughly immediately, and the survival rate can easily reach more than 90%, while for autumn-planted trees, even if watered after planting, the survival rate can hardly reach more than 90%. However, after autumn planting, even without watering, the survival rate can still reach more than 70%, while if spring-planted trees are not watered, the survival rate is clearly lower than that of autumn planting.