Detailed Explanation of Key Tomato Cultivation and Management Techniques

1. Manage the growth period well. This includes intertillage and weeding, water storage and soil moisture conservation, staking and vine tying, pruning and shoot removal, removing old leaves, ventilation and light penetration, strengthening pest and disease control, and strengthening temperature management. The main tomato diseases include viral disease, bacterial wilt, early blight, and late blight; the main pests include cotton bollworm and aphids. Tomato diseases can be prevented but are difficult to cure, so "prevention" should be the priority. Methods for preventing viral disease include: selecting disease-resistant varieties, disinfecting seeds, planting in virgin soil, controlling aphids, and planting early at the appropriate time. Temperature management means that during the day, ventilation in the greenhouse should be appropriately increased to keep the temperature inside at around 25°C. At night, the temperature should be kept between 10-13°C. When ventilation begins, the vents should go from small to large and from few to many, and after the temperature drops in the afternoon, the vents should gradually be made smaller or closed.

2. Manage fertilizer and water well. During the summer and autumn rainy season, tomatoes generally do not need watering during the growth period, but when drought occurs as the 2nd to 3rd fruit clusters mature, they should still be watered appropriately. According to the growth condition of the tomato plants, apply topdressing in a timely manner to promote fruit development and preserve flowers and fruits. Compared with tomatoes without microbial fertilizer, tomatoes treated with microbial fertilizer are several grades higher in fruit color, sweetness, and yield. Generally, Jinbaobei microbial fertilizer can be applied as a base fertilizer, and Jinbaobei Genmiao Zhuang or Miao Jian Zhuang can be applied as topdressing. If Jinbaobei Tian Tian Ling is sprayed, the tomatoes will look even better. For individual greenhouses with severe nutrient deficiency, spraying Jinbaobei Bu Su Zhu Zhang Ling (Cu Zhang Zeng Chan Ling) has a particularly good effect.

3. Harvest fruit at the right time. Tomato ripening has 4 stages: green ripe, turning, ripe, and fully ripe. For storage and freshness preservation, harvest at the green ripe stage. For transport and sale, pick at the turning stage (when 1/3 of the fruit has turned red). For local sale or personal consumption, pick at the ripe stage, that is, when more than 1/3 of the fruit has turned red. When harvesting, pick and handle gently, and it is best not to leave the fruit stem attached when picking, to prevent the fruits from piercing each other during packing and transport. During the post-ripening stage of the fruit, it is not advisable to use hormones to stimulate fruit coloring. After careful selection, pack them in boxes for sale. Its advantages are that it not only reduces production costs, improves fruit quality, but also ensures consumers' food safety. Wei Junjie