How to prevent and control pig diseases after floods? Key prevention and control points pig farmers must read
Recently, a flood occurred in Hebei, and after the disaster, pig farms may have been submerged or even washed away. This not only causes direct economic losses to pig farmers, but can also accelerate the spread and transmission of pathogens, making it very easy to cause outbreaks of certain natural focal diseases. As farmers, it is important to pay attention to the trends of pig diseases after floods, do a good job in comprehensive prevention and control of pig diseases, and reduce the secondary disasters caused by this.
????I. Strengthen drainage and disinfection of pig houses
????1. Drainage ?At present, many small pig farms are built against hillsides, or many are built in relatively low-lying fields, so drainage will be a big problem. Especially when heavy rain comes, a large amount of water often cannot be discharged in a short time, and water flows into the pig houses, causing the pigs to suffer disaster. Therefore, in order to avoid this situation, the drainage ditches around the pig houses must be cleaned or deepened in time. In emergency situations, the thresholds of the pig houses can be raised. For relatively low-lying pig houses, emergency transfer methods can be used to move the pigs away.
2. Handling of dead and drowned pigs? During the disaster, many pigs were scattered by water, became sick, and died in large numbers. Dead pigs carry large amounts of pathogenic microorganisms in their bodies. If harmless treatment is not carried out in time and they are left to rot and stink, the pathogens will spread everywhere with water and air, not only polluting the environment, but also easily causing outbreaks of human and pig diseases. The simplest and most effective method for handling dead pig carcasses is deep burial. Deep burial should choose high ground, with a pit depth of more than 2 m. After the carcasses are put into the pit, sprinkle quicklime or disinfectant solution on them and cover with thick soil. Where conditions permit, incineration can be used.
????3. Disinfection After the accumulated water is completely drained, disinfection should be strengthened. In addition to physical disinfection and biological disinfection methods such as sweeping, washing, scrubbing, sun exposure, incineration, and stacking fermentation, chemical disinfection is the most widely used.
3.1. 10% to 20% lime water prepared with fresh quicklime can be used to disinfect sites, whitewash shed walls, posts, and so on. Preparation method of lime water: add 4 to 9 kg of water to 1 kg of quicklime. First put the quicklime in a bucket, add a small amount of water to dissolve it, then add the full amount of water. Lime water should be prepared and used immediately; if left for too long, it will lose effectiveness.
3.2. Plant ash water is suitable for disinfecting sheds, tools, instruments, and so on. Preparation method of plant ash water: add 2 to 3 kg of fresh plant ash to 10 kg of water, heat and boil it (or soak it in hot water for 3 days and nights), and use it after the plant ash water has clarified.
3.3. 2% caustic soda solution can be used to disinfect sheds, sites, tools, vehicles, and so on. A 3% to 5% caustic soda solution can disinfect ground contaminated by anthrax spores. When disinfecting sheds, drive (lead) the livestock out of the pens. After half a day, rinse the disinfected feed troughs, water troughs, cement floors, or wooden floors with water, then let the livestock enter the pens again.
3.4. A 2% to 5% peracetic acid solution can be sprayed to disinfect sheds, sites, walls, tools, vehicles and boats, manure, and so on.
3.5. Compound phenol 100 to 300 times solution is suitable for disinfecting livestock houses, sites, contaminated materials, and so on.
3.6. Spraying, washing, and soaking with a 3000 times dilution of Baidusha can disinfect livestock houses, the environment, machinery, utensils, hatching eggs, and so on. A 2000 times solution of Baidusha can be used for emergency preventive disinfection of livestock and poultry houses. A 10000 to 20000 times dilution of Baidusha can prevent water storage towers and drinking fountains from being blocked by contaminants, and can kill microorganisms, remove algae, remove odors, and improve water quality.
????4. Mosquito and fly control
High humidity and high temperature, with sewage flowing everywhere, are most likely to breed mosquitoes. Eperythrozoonosis, toxoplasmosis, and circovirus are often caused by mosquito bites. Weeds around the pig houses should be cut as much as possible, drainage ditches should be cleaned regularly, and pen hygiene should be well maintained. Used medicine bottles, bags, and so on should not be thrown everywhere, but should be centrally destroyed or deeply buried. In addition, adding cyromazine to the feed can effectively eliminate mosquito eggs and reduce mosquito breeding.
?II. Make an intensive effort on immunization and quarantine supervision
Flood disasters cause pathogens to spread in large amounts, and diseases are extremely likely to become epidemic. Some diseases that have not occurred for many years or have rarely occurred, such as swine erysipelas, swine pasteurellosis, swine fever, blue ear disease, and streptococcosis, may also occur. In addition, after the disaster, there is an urgent need to replenish herds, and piglets are generally insufficient, so they need to be transported from other places. A slight mistake can bring in diseases. Therefore, quarantine and inspection work is particularly important. This work is the key to cutting off the spread of infection sources and preventing the introduction and spread of diseases, and it must be done well.
?III. Prevent stress
After rain, there is often high temperature and high humidity, which causes great stress to sows and boars. Sows are prone to restlessness, stepping on and crushing piglets to death, and it also affects their maternal behavior, leading to insufficient milk for the piglets. For boars, due to long periods of high temperature, heat dissipation is very difficult, and dead sperm is unavoidable. In high-temperature and high-humidity weather, ammonia is easily produced. Ammonia can not only cause restlessness in pigs, but also easily damage the respiratory mucosal membranes of pigs and cause respiratory diseases. In this kind of weather, cooling pads have little effect, while fans, especially ceiling fans, are relatively effective. However, if ceiling fans are kept on for a long time, it is necessary to prevent piglets from catching cold, and care should be taken to drive the piglets into insulated boxes to rest. At the same time, cleaning the pen hygiene in time and washing away pig manure, and so on, to reduce ammonia production is the key.
?IV. Prevent feed mold
Continuous heavy rain brings very high humidity and also high temperature, which is exactly a suitable environment for mold growth.
Feed is expensive now. If preventive work is not done well, causing feed to become moldy, pigs will have problems after eating it, and it will also cause great waste of resources. Preventing feed mold is a commonly discussed issue. How to reduce or avoid mold still ultimately depends on people. Many people, in order to save time, mix all the feed needed for two or three days at once, then pile it in a corner and use it slowly. This has great disadvantages. Feed exposed to air for a long time can easily become a hotbed for mold growth. Many times, we cannot judge feed mold with the naked eye, and by the time mold is visible to the naked eye, it is already very serious. Therefore, feed mold must be prevented as much as possible. However much feed is eaten, open only that much packaging. For whole packages of premix or corn, soybean meal, and so on, try not to open them when not in use. Avoid placing workers' shower rooms, washrooms, or drainage ditches near the feed room. The floor of the feed room should preferably be cement and floor tiles, because red soil and other floors easily absorb moisture. Use bricks, wooden sticks, and so on to raise and cushion the feed. Add mold removers to feed that has already become moldy.