What precautions should be taken for vaccination on sheep farms?

Only by doing a good job in disease prevention and control can the economic benefits of the sheep industry be guaranteed. Practice has proven that vaccination is the most effective means of preventing disease, but on many large-scale sheep farms, non-standard vaccination operations lead to immunization failure, which happens from time to time, causing illness and death in the flock and bringing major economic losses to the farm. Therefore, to standardize vaccination operations on sheep farms and reduce the occurrence of disease, the following precautions should be taken during vaccination.

1. Principles of vaccination. A scientific immunization program should be formulated according to the local disease prevalence situation, the actual conditions of the farm, the season, etc., and only when it is strictly implemented according to the immunization plan can the preventive effect be achieved. Vaccination cannot completely prevent disease; it can only artificially control or reduce the probability of disease occurrence. Only by paying attention to strengthening feeding management at ordinary times, keeping sheep robust and their own defense ability strong, can disease occurrence be essentially reduced.

2. Selecting vaccination targets. Before immunization, sheep should undergo a health check to understand their health status. Any sheep that are sick, emaciated, very young, old, in late pregnancy (except live Brucella vaccine), or that have been given antibiotics within seven days before vaccination should have vaccination postponed. However, in disease-threatened areas, to ensure flock health, emergency vaccination should be carried out.

3. Before vaccination.

1. It is necessary to investigate the occurrence of epidemics in nearby areas and strengthen health checks on sheep so as to have a clear target.

2. Carefully read the vaccine instructions: usage and dosage, adverse reactions, injection site, how to dilute, precautions, etc.

3. The vaccine must be inspected. If it has no label, the vaccine bottle is cracked or the seal is not tight, or there are foreign matters or deterioration in the vaccine, it must not be used under any circumstances.

4. Prepare the instruments and take personal protective measures.

4. During vaccination.

1. Injection instruments and the injection site must be strictly disinfected.

2. The immunization site and method must be accurate, the operation must be standardized, and the dose must be appropriate. Use one needle per sheep to avoid cross-infection.

3. Vaccines must be prepared for immediate use. A diluted vaccine must be completely used up in one vaccination session within the shortest time (2 hours). 4. After taking the vaccine out of the refrigerator, hold it in the palm of your hand, or let it stand at room temperature for 10-30 minutes, to prevent the vaccine temperature from being too low and causing a strong stress reaction when injected into the sheep. When using it, the vaccine should be fully shaken evenly, but it must not be shaken violently, to prevent bubbles from forming.

5. After vaccination.

1. A vaccine that has already been opened or diluted must be used up the same day. Unused vaccine should be discarded after heat treatment to prevent environmental pollution. Unused vaccine drawn into the syringe should be injected into a dedicated empty bottle and treated as above.

2. After use, instruments and utensils should be disinfected and must not be discarded carelessly, so as to prevent environmental pollution and losses to the sheep farm.

3. Observe at all times, and if sheep show abnormal reactions, handle them immediately.

4. Keep good records and establish strict immunization files.