Complete Guide to the Prevention and Control of Various Diseases and Pests of Panax notoginseng

Panax notoginseng, also known as Shensanqi, Tianqi, Tusangi, Xueshancao, Liuyuelin, and Xiezicao, and in ancient times also called Zhaoshen, Xueshen, Renshen Sanqi, Tiansanqi, Shanqi, and Sanqishen, is a perennial herbaceous plant of the genus Panax in the family Araliaceae. It is a precious traditional Chinese medicinal material unique to China, and also one of the earliest plants in China used as both medicine and food. Because it is dug and harvested three to seven years after sowing, and each plant grows three petioles, with each petiole bearing seven leaflets, it is named Sanqi. Panax notoginseng is a plant of the order Apiales, family Araliaceae, mainly distributed in Yunnan, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Sichuan and other places. The traditional Chinese medicinal material Panax notoginseng uses its root as the medicinal part, and has the effects of dissipating blood stasis and stopping bleeding, reducing swelling and relieving pain. It can treat hemoptysis, hematemesis, epistaxis, hematochezia, uterine bleeding, traumatic bleeding, stabbing pain in the chest and abdomen, and swelling and pain from falls.

(1) Damping-off, also known as "rotten foot plague." The pathogen is a type of imperfect fungus, harming seeds, seed buds and seedlings. Affected seeds rot and become milky white slurry; affected seed buds turn dark brown and die; the base of the pseudostem (petiole) of affected seedlings shows a dark brown ring-shaped depression; seedlings bend over and die.

Prevention and control methods: ① Before sowing, disinfect the soil with carbendazim or comfrey liquid. ② Remove diseased plants promptly when found, spread lime powder around the diseased plants, and spray with 50% thiophanate-methyl 1000-fold solution or 50% tolclofos-methyl 1000-fold solution.

(2) Root rot, also known as "chicken manure rot," is a type of imperfect fungus that harms the roots. The affected roots turn dark brown and gradually soften and rot into a grayish-white slurry with a fishy odor.

Prevention and control methods: ① Choose well-drained plots for planting and drain promptly during the rainy season. ② Select robust, disease-free Panax notoginseng when transplanting. ③ Remove diseased plants promptly and disinfect diseased holes with lime. ④ During the disease period, irrigate the affected area with carbendazim 100-fold solution or 50% thiophanate-methyl 1000-fold solution.

(3) Phytophthora blight, also known as "leaf-falling rot." The pathogen is a type of phycomycete fungus, mainly harming leaves. Affected leaves appear dark green and water-soaked. The disease is severe during high temperature and high humidity from June to August.

Prevention and control methods: (1) Clean the field, collect all dead branches and fallen leaves in winter, and burn them in a centralized manner. (2) Before the onset of disease, spray Bordeaux mixture at 1:1:50, once every half month, for 2-3 consecutive times. After the onset of disease, spray 65% zineb 500-fold solution, or 50% thiram 1000-fold solution, or dexon 500-fold solution, once every 7 days, for 2-3 consecutive times.

(4) Anthracnose. The pathogen is a type of imperfect fungus, harming the aboveground parts. Leaf lesions are yellow-brown with obvious brown edges, and later small black spots appear on the lesions, which easily perforate; petiole and stem lesions are yellow-brown spindle-shaped spots with sunken centers; fruit lesions are round, slightly sunken brown spots. The disease is severe under high temperature and high humidity.

Prevention and control methods: ① Clean the field and burn dead branches and fallen leaves promptly. ② Select disease-free Panax notoginseng as seed stock, dip briefly in 1:1:200 Bordeaux mixture before transplanting, and transplant after drying. ③ Soak seeds in 100-150 fold 40% formalin for 10 min, rinse with clean water, and sow after drying. ④ During the disease period, spray 65% zineb 500-fold solution or 50% thiram 1000-fold solution, once every 7 days, for 2-3 consecutive times.

(5) Rust disease, locally called "yellow greasy" and "yellow blister disease." The pathogen is a type of basidiomycete fungus, mainly harming leaves. The affected spots on leaves initially appear as small yellow dots protruding like needle tips, then expand into circular or radial shapes with irregular edges. After the spore piles of the pathogen rupture, yellow powder is released.

Prevention and control methods: ① In winter, cut off the stems and leaves of diseased plants and spray 1-2 degrees Baume lime sulfur mixture. ② During the disease period, spray 200-300 fold dinitro compound or 0.3 degrees Baume lime sulfur mixture, or sodium rust 300-fold solution, once every 7 days, for 2-3 consecutive times.

(6) Powdery mildew. The pathogen is a type of imperfect fungus, mainly harming leaves. Diseased leaves are covered with grayish-white powder.

Prevention and control methods: ① In winter, clear the garden and cut off the leaves of diseased plants, and spray 1-2 degrees Baume lime sulfur mixture. ② In the early stage of disease, spray 0.3 degrees Baume lime sulfur mixture or 50% thiophanate-methyl 1000-fold solution, once every 7 days, for 2-3 consecutive times.

(7) Short-whiskered mite, also known as red spider, belongs to the class Arachnida, order Acarina, family Tetranychidae. Adults and nymphs gather on the underside of leaves to suck sap and spin silk webs. This causes leaves to turn yellow and eventually fall off. After the flower disc and red fruit are damaged, they become shrunken and withered.

Prevention and control methods: ① In winter, clear the garden, collect and burn dead branches and fallen leaves, and after clearing the garden spray 1 degree Baume lime sulfur mixture. ② Starting in April, spray 0.2-0.3 degrees Baume lime sulfur mixture, or use 20% tetradifon wettable powder 1500-2000 fold solution or 25% chlordimeform aqueous solution 500-1000 fold solution for spraying, once a week, for several consecutive times.

(8) Slug, also known as dry snail or slug, is a type of mollusk. It bites and feeds on seed buds, stems and leaves, causing notches. It feeds and causes damage at night and in the early morning.

Prevention and control methods: ① In winter, turn over and sun-dry the soil. ② Before planting, apply 300-375 kg of tea seed cake per hectare as base fertilizer. ③ During the occurrence period, spread lime powder on the bed surface or spray with 3% lime water to kill them.