Detailed Explanation of Arisaema Planting Technology and Key Operations
Today, the Kangmei Traditional Chinese Medicine Network editors bring you the planting technology and key operations for Arisaema, for your reference:
I. Seed Stem Grading
Upon receivingArisaemaseed stems, immediately empty the bags (spread them out) and divide them into three grades: large, medium and small. Arisaema with a single diameter of 3 cm or more, or several tubers connected together, are large seed stems; those with a single diameter of 1.5-3 cm are medium seed stems; those with a single diameter below 1.5 cm are small seed stems.
II. Chemical Seed Soaking
Use thiophanate-methyl + carbendazim, each at 500 times dilution (that is, 50 jin of water plus 1 liang of chemical), and abamectin at 1000 times dilution. Mix the above three chemicals into a solution, and soak the graded Arisaema seed stems separately in the solution: soak large seed stems for 24 hours, medium and small seed stems for 12 hours, then remove them, and dry in the shade or sun until the outer skin is dry; then they can be sown or stored.
III. Storage Method
Spread the chemically treated Arisaema seed stems (with dry outer skin) thinly in a cool, ventilated indoor space at a thickness of 10 cm. During storage, keep the temperature between 4-8 degrees, and turn them once every 15-20 days, storing until early spring sowing. If the temperature during storage drops below 4 degrees, they can be put into small bags (20 kg) and placed indoors at 2 degrees or above; but if the temperature rises above 8 degrees, spread them out loosely and do not bag them, to prevent heating from burning the seed stems.
IV. Sowing Time
In regions where the lowest winter outdoor temperature does not drop below -3 degrees, sowing can be done in late autumn, from November to December. In other regions, it is best to sow after the soil thaws in early spring; the best time for spring sowing is when the 5 cm soil temperature stabilizes at 8 degrees. Soak the Arisaema seed stems 15 days in advance to promote sprouting (or do not promote sprouting and sow directly), and cover with plastic film after sowing (or do not cover with plastic film).
V. Planting Method (Brief Introduction)
1. Soil and Fertilization: For planting Arisaema, sandy loam soil that is loose, fertile, easy to water and thoroughly drained must be selected. After the soil is selected, apply 3000 kg per mu of well-fermented high-quality farmyard manure or human and livestock manure; if there is no farmyard manure, apply 50 kg per mu of high-quality diammonium phosphate (made in the USA), and according to the soil fertility, additionally apply 10 kg of potassium sulfate and 50-100 kg of superphosphate. Alternatively, apply a mixed fertilizer per mu of 1000 kg of farmyard manure, 40 kg of diammonium phosphate, 10 kg of potassium sulfate and 50 kg of superphosphate. In short, because Arisaema has high fertilizer requirements, sufficient base fertilizer must be applied.
2. Soil Treatment: If there are underground pests in the soil, such as mole crickets and cutworms, use phoxim granules or other pesticides that kill underground pests when plowing. If the previous crop was cotton, vegetables or other crops susceptible to disease, also add pesticides that kill soil-borne pathogens when plowing, such as thiophanate-methyl, carbendazim and so on.
3. Sowing Method: (1) After soil fertilization, sterilization and pest elimination and plowing, make raised beds 80-120 cm wide, ready for sowing. (2) First cut the large Arisaema seed stems and connected seed stems into several individual seed stems with a knife; when cutting, ensure that each cut seed stem has a bud eye, and as you cut, place them in sunlight to dry the cut surface until no liquid remains, then sow immediately; they must not be left for long. (3) Sow large (including cut), medium and small seed stems separately, with one seed stem per hole; sow the large ones first, with large seed stems at a row spacing of 25 cm, plant spacing of 15 cm and depth of 5 cm; medium seed stems at a row spacing of 20 cm, plant spacing of 10 cm and depth of 4 cm; small seed stems broadcast at a row spacing of 20 cm and depth of 2-3 cm, and after broadcasting distribute the small seed stems evenly, maintaining a plant spacing of about 3-5 cm. After sowing is complete, cover with soil level with the ground, then spray the herbicide “acetochlor” to seal the soil, and after spraying cover with plastic film (or do not cover with plastic film).
VI. Field Management (Brief Key Points)
1. Water: From emergence in the early stage until before the high temperatures of June, keep sufficient moisture, do not allow drought, eliminate weeds, and cultivate and loosen the soil. From June onward, in the middle and late growth stages, do not water heavily; if the soil is severely dry, you may water lightly or by furrow in combination with cooling, and pay attention to timely drainage after rain and spraying fungicides (to prevent disease), keeping the soil alternately moist and dry; at this stage the soil must absolutely not be too wet, otherwise it is prone to rot disease.
2. Light: Use tall-stalk crops or other plants for shade, maintaining about 60% light during the hot, strong-light season, especially from June to August. Before June and after August, no shading is needed.
3. Temperature: When the air temperature is above 30 degrees, use local conditions to cool down, such as spraying well water.