Pest and Disease Control Methods and Techniques for the Chinese Medicinal Herb Fritillaria cirrhosa

1. Diseases

Rust: This is the main disease of Fritillaria cirrhosa. The pathogen mostly comes from wheat crops. It mostly occurs from May to June. Control methods: Choose plots far from wheat crops, or plots not easily attacked by upriver winds, for planting; remove diseased and residual plant tissue during land preparation to reduce overwintering sources of the pathogen; apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer or reduce field humidity to enhance disease resistance; at the early stage of the disease, spray 0.2 degree Baume lime sulfur mixture or 97% nabam at 300 times dilution, and amobam or thiram can also be used for control.

Damping-off: It harms seedlings. It occurs in the rainy season during the wheat season. Control methods: Pay attention to drainage, adjust the shade level, and uncover the shed cover on cloudy and rainy days; spray Bordeaux mixture at 1:1:100 before and after the disease occurs.

Root rot: It occurs from May to June, and the roots turn yellow and rot. Control methods: Pay attention to drainage, reduce soil moisture, and pull out diseased plants; drench with 5% lime water to prevent spread.

Sunscald: The leaves, petioles, and stems of diseased plants near the ground are polluted by mud, causing scorch necrosis. Control methods: In time before the rainy season arrives, cover the plot with chopped straw; if leaves and other parts are found to be polluted by mud, rinse them promptly.

Sclerotinia disease: The affected bulbs develop black spots, and in severe cases the entire bulb turns black, with black sclerotia of varying sizes forming inside, and the aboveground parts wither. Control methods: crop rotation; planting on high beds; fully decomposed fertilizer. Immediately pull out diseased plants, disinfect the diseased holes with lime, and then drench the roots with 50% carbendazim wettable powder at 1000 times dilution to prevent further spread to unaffected plants.

2. Insect pests

Wireworms and white grubs: They harm plants from April to June. Control methods: Boil tobacco leaves in water and use the liquid as a drench (use 2.5 kg of tobacco leaves per mu, boil into 75 kg of stock solution, and when using, add 30 kg of water to each 1 kg of stock solution); or use 0.5-1 kg of 50% chlordane emulsifiable concentrate per mu, mix with soil during land preparation, or after seedling emergence dilute with 500 kg of water and irrigate the soil for control.

Cutworms: They bite and feed on stems and leaves. Control methods: Catch them in the morning and evening, or use 90% trichlorfon crystal mixed with poisonous bait to trap and kill them.

Wild slugs: They harm plants. Control methods: artificial trapping and killing; handpicking; in the evening, spray with 3% lime water or 70-100 times diluted ammonia water.