Detailed Explanation of Key Techniques for High-Yield Rose Cultivation

Rose, also known as thorny rose, rose, etc. Deciduous small shrub. The flower buds are used as medicine, with the effects of regulating qi, promoting blood circulation, and regulating menstruation. Clinically it is mainly used to treat liver-stomach qi pain, upper abdominal distension, irregular menstruation, red and white vaginal discharge, sores and boils, bruises and injuries, etc. The main producing areas include Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, Anhui and other provinces.

Morphological Characteristics

It is an upright shrub of the genus Rosa in the family Rosaceae. It reaches up to 2 m tall. The stems are thick and strong, with clustered branches densely covered with downy hairs, glandular hairs and thorns. The odd-pinnate compound leaves are alternate; the leaflets are 5-9 in number, elliptical to elliptical-obovate, 2-5 cm long and 1-2 cm wide, with acute or obtuse tips, rounded or broadly cuneate bases, and finely serrate margins; the upper surface is dark green, hairless and wrinkled, while the lower surface is pale white and covered with soft hairs; the petioles bear soft hairs and thorns; the stipules are attached to the common petiole, without serrations, and have glandular dots along the margins. The flowers are solitary or several clustered together, 6-8 cm in diameter, single or double, purple or white; the pedicels are short, with downy hairs, glandular hairs and thorns; the receptacle and calyx are 5, with long tail-like tips, upright, with linear hairs on the inner surface and margins; the petals are 5, and the stamens are numerous, borne on the long disc at the edge of the calyx tube; the pistils are numerous, enclosed at the bottom of the urn-shaped receptacle. The achenes are bony, oblate-spherical, dark orange-red, 2-2.5 cm in diameter.

I. Growth Habits Roses prefer a warm, humid environment with ample sunlight. They are drought-tolerant and afraid of waterlogging. They have low requirements for soil and can be planted on barren hills and wild ridges, in front of and behind houses, along roadsides, and on both banks of rivers, but loamy soil that is deep, loose and fertile is best.

II. Land Preparation and Fertilization Choose a field with high terrain and good drainage, and cultivate it carefully. In combination with land preparation, apply sufficient base fertilizer: 3000 kg of farmyard manure, 20 kg of urea, and 50 kg of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer per mu. Then make raised beds 1.5 m wide and wait for sowing.

III. Propagation Roses are mostly propagated by cuttings and division in production. The sowing period is spring and winter sowing. Cutting propagation: choose robust 1-2 year old branches, cut them into 30 cm long cuttings, and bundle every 50 cuttings into 1 bundle. Soak the lower ends in a rooting powder solution for 10 seconds, let them dry slightly, and then insert them into the prepared bed surface at a row spacing of 15×5 cm, water to preserve moisture, and promote survival. If a small arched shed is used, the effect is even better. Layering propagation: in autumn and winter, choose one-year-old branches near the ground on robust 3-4 year old plants that have already flowered, bend them and bury them in the soil, wound the buried part, water to preserve moisture, allow them to root, and in the following spring cut them off from the mother plant and transplant them separately. Division propagation: dig out the root-sucker seedlings from the mother plant together with their roots, transplant them onto the prepared bed surface, water to preserve moisture, and promote survival. Transplanting: plant one-year-old rose seedlings from cuttings on the prepared bed surface at a row spacing of 100×80 cm, water to preserve moisture, and promote survival.

IV. Field Management After the rose seedlings survive, attention should be paid to intertillage and weeding. Water immediately in dry weather. Pay attention to drainage in rainy weather. Plastic small sheds should be ventilated and allowed to transmit light. Apply topdressing once every spring, with 10 kg of urea and 5 kg of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer. In winter, spread a layer of farmyard manure on the bed surface. At the same time, pruning should also be carried out after flowering in June and during the dormant period, removing weak, diseased, pest-damaged and aged branches.

V. Pest and Disease Control The main disease of roses is powdery mildew, which can be controlled with a 1500-fold dilution of 25% triadimefon in the early stage of the disease. The pest includes white scale, which can be controlled by spraying a 1500-fold dilution of 40% omethoate during the nymph stage. For underground pests, use phoxim mixed with poison bait to trap and kill them.

VI. Harvesting and Processing Roses are harvested from late April to late May. After picking the unopened flower buds in batches, dry them in the shade or by heat and they can be sold as medicine. The yield per mu is 50-70 kg.