Detailed Explanation of Key Points for High-Yield Cultivation Techniques of Arisaema
Arisaema, also known as Nanxing, Palmata Pinellia, etc. Its underground corm is used as medicine, with the effects of dispelling wind and drying dampness, removing phlegm and dissipating nodules. It is mainly used to treat facial nerve paralysis, hemiplegia, infantile convulsions, tetanus, epilepsy, cervical cancer and other conditions. For external use, it can treat sores, swelling and toxins, venomous snake bites and other conditions. Arisaema is toxic. The main producing areas are Northeast China, Hebei, Shaanxi, Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan, Anhui and other provinces.
Morphological characteristics: It is a perennial herb of the Araceae family, with a plant height of 20-50 cm, and the whole plant is smooth and hairless. The tuber is nearly spherical, only 1-5 cm, with many white fibrous roots around the upper part, yellow-brown or light yellow leaf base remnants on the upper part, and the bottom is light yellow and smooth. Leaves grow from the top of the tuber; the long petiole is cylindrical, and the base expands into a sheath; the leaf blade is palmately parted, with oblong lobes, acuminate apex, and entire margin. It is monoecious; the spadix inflorescence extends at the top into a light green appendage, exceeding the spathe by about 7 cm; the spathe is lanceolate, with obvious longitudinal veins on the outside, light gray on the inside, and tubular at the lower part; the flowers are unisexual, with male flowers densely borne on the upper part of the inflorescence in a cylindrical shape; female flowers are borne on the lower part of the inflorescence, attached to the spathe, with no gap between male and female flowers. The berry is oval and green.
1. Growth habits. Arisaema prefers a warm and humid environment, likes water and fertilizer, is cold-tolerant, afraid of drought, and afraid of waterlogging. It has no strict requirements for soil, but loose and fertile sandy loam is best.
2. Land preparation and fertilization. Select a field with high terrain and good drainage, and cultivate it carefully. In combination with land preparation, apply sufficient base fertilizer: apply 3000 kg of farmyard manure, 20 kg of urea, and 50 kg of phosphate and potassium fertilizer per mu. Then make beds and wait for sowing.
3. Sowing. In Arisaema production, seed stems are used for propagation, and seeds can also be used for propagation. The sowing period is divided into spring sowing and autumn sowing. Spring sowing is around Qingming. Winter sowing is before the ground freezes. Seedling raising. That is, evenly sow Arisaema seeds on the prepared bed surface. Strengthen field management. After one year of growth, it can be transplanted, with a sowing rate of 3 kg per mu. Transplanting. Set Arisaema seed stems on the prepared bed surface at a row spacing of 20×10 cm. Water to preserve soil moisture and promote survival. Seed stem propagation. Cut Arisaema corms longitudinally into seed pieces according to the number of buds. Dry for half a day, and plant after the wounds heal. When planting, first use a drill to open shallow furrows on the prepared bed surface, then set Arisaema seed stems on the bed surface at a row spacing of 20×15 cm, water to preserve soil moisture and promote survival. The amount used per mu is 70 kg.
4. Field management. After Arisaema seedlings emerge uniformly, attention should be paid to intertillage and weeding. If planting on a large scale, herbicide for medicinal fields should be used for soil treatment before seedling emergence, which can effectively prevent and control various weeds. Pay attention to drainage in rainy weather and watering in dry weather. Topdressing should be applied once around the Beginning of Autumn: apply 10 kg of urea and 10 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu. After Arisaema bolts, if seeds are not needed, the flower buds should be cut off in time to reduce nutrient consumption.
5. Pest and disease control. The main disease of Arisaema is viral disease. When it occurs, yellow irregular spots appear on the leaves, and in severe cases the leaves curl and become deformed. Carbendazim or phosethyl-Al can be used for prevention and control before the disease occurs. The main pest is red spider mites, which can be controlled with propargite.
6. Harvesting and processing. Harvest from late September to early October. Remove the soil from the dug-out Arisaema underground corms, remove the outer skin, wash with water, then fumigate with sulfur and dry in the sun before selling. However, it must be noted that Arisaema is toxic, and it must never be put into the mouth during processing. After processing, wash hands with soap. The yield per mu is 400 kg.