Detailed Explanation of Good Agricultural Practice Standards for Pollution-Free Production of Chinese Medicinal Materials

Good Agricultural Practice Standards for Pollution-Free Production of Chinese Medicinal Materials

I. Environmental Condition Requirements

1. General Requirements for Production Site Selection The production site of pollution-free Chinese medicinal materials should be in good condition, free from or not directly affected by industrial "three wastes" and agricultural or urban domestic pollution, and located in an agricultural production area free of endemic diseases. At the same time, the production site should have production capacity. Within the production area and in the upwind direction and upstream of irrigation water sources, there should be no pollution sources posing a threat, including industrial "three wastes", agricultural waste, waste materials, municipal garbage and domestic sewage, and other pollution sources. The production site should avoid main highway lines. Areas with high soil heavy metal background values and areas connected to soil and water sources should not be used as production sites for pollution-free Chinese medicinal materials.

2. Air Quality The ambient air quality of the Chinese medicinal materials production site shall conform to the provisions of Table 1.

3. Irrigation Water Quality The irrigation water quality of the Chinese medicinal materials production site shall conform to the provisions of Table 2.

4. Soil Environmental Quality The soil environmental quality of the Chinese medicinal materials production site shall conform to the provisions of Table 3.

II. Product Requirements

1. Sensory Requirements The product shall have the characteristics that this type of Chinese medicinal material should have at harvest. It is required to be moderately mature, good in appearance and color, clean, free from mildew and rot, free from off-odors, and free from pests, diseases and mechanical damage.

2. Safety Requirements Pollution-free Chinese medicinal materials shall conform to the safety indicators listed in Table 4.

III. Pesticide Use Guidelines

1. Principles of Pesticide Use When preventing and controlling pests and diseases of Chinese medicinal materials, the policy of "prevention first, integrated control" shall be implemented, with agricultural control as the foundation, and effective non-chemical control methods such as biological, physical and ecological control should be used as much as possible. When chemical pesticides must be used, high-efficiency and safe chemical pesticides should be adopted, and GB4285 "Standard for Safe Use of Pesticides" and GB8321.1—GB8321.5 "Guidelines for Rational Use of Pesticides 1—5" shall be strictly implemented, and their scope of use shall not be exceeded. The pesticide residues in Chinese medicinal materials shall conform to the provisions of the relevant national health standards.

2. Commonly Used Types of Pesticides (see Table 4)

IV. Fertilization Principles

Fertilization for pollution-free agricultural products should be based mainly on organic fertilizers, supplemented by chemical fertilizers. Conditional and limited use of chemical fertilizers is allowed. Balanced fertilization must be implemented according to the fertilizer requirements of crops, soil nutrient supply conditions and fertilizer effects, so as to maximize the maintenance of farmland soil nutrient balance and the improvement of soil fertility, and reduce pollution to agricultural products and the environment caused by excessive loss of fertilizer components.

1. Types of Fertilizers Allowed for Use

(1) Farmyard manure. This refers to fertilizers containing large amounts of biological substances, animal and plant residues, excreta and other substances. They should not have adverse effects on the environment and crops. During the preparation of farmyard manure, high-temperature fermentation must be carried out to kill various parasitic eggs, pathogenic bacteria and weed seeds, remove harmful organic acids and harmful gases, and meet harmless sanitation standards. The main farmyard manures include compost, waterlogged compost, ash manure, barnyard manure, biogas manure, green manure, oil cake fertilizer, mud manure, etc.

(2) Commercial fertilizers. These mainly include refined organic fertilizers, organic———inorganic fertilizers, microbial fertilizers, humic acid fertilizers, inorganic (mineral) fertilizers, single fertilizers, blended fertilizers, compound fertilizers, nitrate nitrogen fertilizers, trace element fertilizers, foliar fertilizers, secondary element fertilizers, magnetized fertilizers, plant growth auxiliary fertilizers, etc.

(3) Other fertilizers. These include fertilizers made from organic materials such as foods containing no synthetic additives, organic by-products of the textile industry, preservative-free fish residue, cattle and sheep wool waste, bone meal, amino acid residues, livestock processing waste, sugar factory waste, etc. 2. Prohibited fertilizers Nitrate nitrogen fertilizers and compound fertilizers and blended fertilizers containing nitrate nitrogen shall not be used; harmful garbage, sludge and sewage from urban hospitals, industrial areas, etc. are prohibited; no chemical fertilizer shall be used within 20 days before harvest.