Cost and Profit Analysis of Greenhouse Vegetable Cultivation
The cost and profit of greenhouse vegetable cultivation are mainly determined by the construction and maintenance of the greenhouse, as well as the agricultural inputs needed for vegetable planting and management. Conditions vary from place to place; let's take a look at the profit analysis of greenhouse vegetables below.
Greenhouse Vegetable Profit and Cost
Generally, the skeleton of a vegetable greenhouse per mu of land costs about 5500 yuan. To save on construction cost and extend the service life of the greenhouse, a relatively economical way to build a greenhouse is to use magnesite greenhouse skeletons and plastic sheeting; this both lowers the construction cost and makes daily use and maintenance easier. Such a greenhouse can be used for 5 years, and only the plastic sheeting needs to be replaced each year. The annual cost of vegetable seedlings, pesticides, fertilizers, etc. per mu is about 700 yuan, and the land rental fee is about 800 yuan per year.
Based on the above calculations, the cost of greenhouse vegetable cultivation is about 7000 yuan per mu for the initial investment. Calculating the vegetable greenhouse over a 5-year service life, the average amortized cost per mu per year is about 2500 yuan.
The profit from greenhouse vegetable cultivation can reach 150%-250%, and 2-3 seasons of vegetables can be produced each year. If ordinary vegetables are grown, 1-2 seasons of vegetables can basically recover the initial construction and greenhouse vegetable management costs, so a profit can be achieved in the first year, with an average profit of 100%-150%; in the following years, the only annual cost is replacing some plastic sheeting.
How to grow greenhouse vegetables? This is a very ordinary question, but the answer is not simple. Greenhouse vegetable cultivation technology is a systematic technology, and many technical steps in production need to be mastered by vegetable growers. If you want to solve this problem, the only way is to accumulate, one by one, the specific management knowledge of each aspect of greenhouse vegetable cultivation technology. We have sorted through the vast amount of related materials, striving to make them easy to understand, and the materials will also be added to and improved step by step. We hope to provide some help with your problem. The construction cost of a vegetable greenhouse is undoubtedly a matter of great concern to the vast number of vegetable growers. First understanding the types of vegetable greenhouses and the covering materials required during their construction will be of great help to the work of building a vegetable greenhouse, thereby saving you money and improving production efficiency.
Types of Vegetable Greenhouses and Construction Costs
1. 6-meter-wide assembled steel-frame greenhouse. This greenhouse type has been promoted and applied for many years. It is mainly a steel greenhouse type that uses galvanized thin-walled steel pipes with a diameter of 22 mm and a thickness of 1.2 mm as the greenhouse skeleton material. The greenhouse is 6 m wide, with a top height of 2.2-2.5 m, a shoulder height of 1.2 m, a land utilization rate of 80%, a service life of more than 10 years, a cost of 10-30 yuan per sq m, and a construction cost of 7000-20000 yuan per mu. It is suitable for growing vegetables, flowers, etc. The drawbacks are that the greenhouse width is relatively small, the efficiency of operation and management is relatively low, and the insulation performance in winter is relatively weak.
2. Simple bamboo-frame greenhouse. This is a widely used type. The greenhouse is generally 5-6 m wide, with a top height of 2-3.2 m, a side height of 1-1.2 m, and an arch rod spacing of 1-1.1 m. The advantages are low cost, easily available materials, and easy construction, with a cost of about 3000 yuan per mu (including film). The drawbacks are that there are many posts inside the greenhouse, the shading rate is high, operations are inconvenient, the service life is short, and the wind and snow resistance is poor. Among them is a greenhouse type commonly known as the “ground-rolling dragon” style, with a span width of 4-6 m and low top and shoulder heights, adopting a covering method of one film all the way to the ground. It saves more cost than ordinary moso bamboo vegetable greenhouses and is suitable for cultivating creeping crops; it is commonly used in greenhouse watermelon cultivation.
3. Steel-bamboo mixed greenhouse. The greenhouse structure is the same as that of a simple bamboo-frame greenhouse, with steel pipes and bamboo poles used alternately as arch rods. It has the advantages of saving steel, lowering construction cost, and convenient operation, and has a certain application area; its performance and cost fall between those of steel-frame greenhouses and bamboo-frame greenhouses.
4. 8-meter-wide improved steel-frame greenhouse. The height and width of the greenhouse body are increased, the height and width of the ventilation windows on the greenhouse sides are increased, the space inside the greenhouse is enlarged, management efficiency and winter insulation performance are improved, and the land utilization rate is raised. This greenhouse is built with galvanized pipes with a diameter of 28-32 mm and a thickness of 1.5 mm; the top height is 3.2-3.5 m, the shoulder height is 1.8 m, and the greenhouse body has a large space, making it suitable for growing tall-climbing vegetables, etc. However, the construction cost of this vegetable greenhouse increases substantially, at about 20-45 yuan per sq m, or 15000-30000 yuan per mu, and it is mainly suitable for application by agricultural demonstration parks and vegetable growers with a certain economic strength.
5. Ordinary multi-span greenhouses and simple bamboo-frame multi-span greenhouses. The structure of an ordinary multi-span greenhouse is similar to that of a steel-frame multi-span greenhouse, with the advantages of large space and a high land utilization rate, but the cost is much lower, at 50-100 yuan per sq m.
Vegetable Greenhouse Covering Materials
Vegetable growers should choose suitable vegetable greenhouse covering materials according to their own production needs.
1. Ordinary film: made from polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride as raw material. The greenhouse film is 0.1 mm thick, colorless and transparent; its service life is about half a year.
2. Multifunctional long-life film: made by adding an appropriate amount of anti-aging agent and surfactant during the polyethylene blow-molding process. It is 7.5 m wide and 0.06 mm thick, and its service life is 1 time longer than that of ordinary film. At night, the greenhouse temperature is 1-2°C higher than with other materials; the film is not prone to water droplets, has a good covering effect, low cost, and high benefit.
3. Straw quilt, straw fan: woven from rice straw, with good insulation performance; it is a nighttime insulation material.
4. Polyethylene high-foaming flexible sheet: a white plastic flexible sheet with many air bubbles, 1 m wide and 0.4-0.5 cm thick, light in weight and able to be rolled up, with insulation performance close to that of a straw quilt.