What are the common pesticides used in grape growing? Read this article to find out
A: Fungicides:
1. Lime sulfur mixture:
①Formulations: 20% paste, 30% solid, 45% solid, 45% crystal.
②Targets: overwintering inoculum of black pox (anthracnose), powdery mildew, etc.
③Timing and method of use: only during the winter dormant period and before bud break in early spring; during the application period, spray once with this agent at 3-5 degrees Baume; spraying once at 1-15 degrees Baume during the bud swelling stage of most buds can control grape erineum mite.
④Precautions: 1. When applying this agent at high temperatures (≥32°C), reduce the concentration and frequency; 2. It cannot be mixed with Bordeaux mixture or alkali-sensitive pesticides; 3. After application, promptly clean the spraying equipment; 4. After applying this agent, wait 15 days before using Bordeaux mixture; if Bordeaux mixture has been applied, wait 30 days before using this agent; 5. The diluted solution cannot be stored for long periods; for temporary storage, keep it sealed in a cool, dry place at a temperature between 4°C and 32°C.
2. Bordeaux mixture
①Targets: black pox (anthracnose), anthracnose, brown spot.
②Timing and method of use: 1. From before leaf expansion to before berry coloring, spray once with a half-strength lime 200-fold solution (1:0.5:200), then every 10-15 days, to control black pox; 2. Spray once each at early bloom, full bloom and berry growth stage with a half-strength lime 200-fold solution to control brown spot, at intervals of 10-15 days, for 2-3 consecutive sprays.
③Precautions: This agent is a protective fungicide and must be used before disease onset; do not use on rainy days or when air humidity is high; it cannot be mixed with alkali-sensitive pesticides, lime sulfur mixture, organic sulfur formulations, oil emulsions or mineral oil; berries can only be harvested 20 days after application.
3. Bibei (80% Bordeaux mixture wettable powder)
①Targets: sour rot, black pox (anthracnose), anthracnose, downy mildew, bacterial diseases.
②Timing and method of use: spray a 300-400 fold dilution of this agent before disease onset or at the early stage of disease.
③Precautions: This agent is a protective fungicide and should be used before disease onset; it can be mixed with a variety of pesticides.
4. Thiophanate-methyl (methyl thiophanate)
①Formulations: 50% wettable powder, 70% wettable powder, 50% suspension concentrate.
②Targets: powdery mildew, white rot, black pox (anthracnose), anthracnose, gray mold.
③Timing and method of use: at the early stage of symptoms, spray a 800-1000 fold dilution of the 70% wettable powder onto the affected areas.
④Precautions: Do not use this agent alone for long periods, as resistance develops easily; alternate it with other fungicides; it cannot be mixed with alkaline agents or copper formulations; do not use within 15 days before berry harvest.
5. Chlorothalonil
①Formulations: 75% wettable powder, 2.5% smoke agent, 10% smoke agent.
②Targets: powdery mildew, white rot, black pox (anthracnose), anthracnose.
③Timing and method of use: spray a 500-800 fold dilution of the 75% wettable powder at the early stage of disease.
④Precautions: This agent is toxic to fish; keep away from ponds, lakes and streams when applying; do not use within 20 days before berry harvest.
6. Mancozeb
①Formulations: 70% wettable powder, 80% wettable powder, 30% suspension concentrate, 42% suspension concentrate, 43% suspension concentrate, 75% dry suspension concentrate.
②Targets: downy mildew, black pox (anthracnose), anthracnose, powdery mildew, white rot, brown spot.
③Timing and method of use: spray a 600-800 fold dilution of the 70% wettable powder at the early stage of disease, with a spray interval of 7-10 days.
④Precautions: This agent is a protective fungicide and must be used before disease onset on the plants; stop using it within 15 days before berry harvest.
7. Kebo (Bordeaux powder + mancozeb)
①Formulation: 78% wettable powder.
②Targets: downy mildew, black pox (anthracnose), anthracnose, powdery mildew, white rot.
③Timing and method of use: spray a 500-600 fold dilution of this agent before disease onset or at the early stage of disease, once every 7-10 days, for a total of 4-5 sprays.
④Precautions: This agent is a protective fungicide and should be used before disease onset or during the disease period; spray evenly and thoroughly, covering the entire plant completely.
8. Fosetyl-aluminium
①Formulations: 40% wettable powder, 80% wettable powder, 90% wettable powder.
②Targets: downy mildew, Phytophthora blight.
③Timing and method of use: at the early stage of disease, spray a 200-300 fold dilution of the 40% wettable powder, or a 400-500 fold dilution of the 80% wettable powder, or a 600-800 fold dilution of the 90% wettable powder.
④Precautions: This agent should be used before disease onset or at the early stage of disease; it cannot be mixed with strongly acidic or strongly alkaline agents.
9. Carbendazim
①Formulations: 50% wettable powder, 40% colloidal suspension.
②Targets: black pox (anthracnose), anthracnose, white rot.
③Timing and method of use: when symptoms are found, spray a 600-800 fold dilution of the 50% wettable powder onto the affected areas.
④Precautions: Do not use this agent alone for long periods to prevent resistance; do not alternate it with benomyl, methyl thiophanate or other agents with similar modes of action.
10. Metalaxyl
①Formulations: 25% wettable powder, 30% seed dressing agent.
②Targets: downy mildew (specific remedy, used when other agents are ineffective).
③Timing and method of use: during the disease period, spray a 500-600 fold dilution of the 25% wettable powder.
④Precautions: Continuous use of this agent easily leads to resistance, so use it no more than 3 times per season, with an interval of 10-15 days; use this agent when the disease is severe.
11. Feniconazole (triadimefon)
①Formulations: 25% wettable powder, 20% emulsifiable concentrate, 15% smoke agent.
②Targets: specific remedy for powdery mildew.
③Timing and method of use: at the early stage of disease, spray a 1500-2000 fold dilution of this agent, with an application interval of 15-20 days.
④Precautions: Do not use alone continuously or arbitrarily increase the concentration, as resistance develops easily; stop using it 15-20 days before berry harvest.
12. Thiram
①Formulation: 50% wettable powder.
②Targets: white rot (effective agent), anthracnose, bunch rot (has an effect).
③Timing and method of use: at the early stage of disease, spray a 500-800 fold dilution.
④Precautions: This agent irritates the skin; take self-protective measures when spraying; this agent is a protective fungicide with a residual period of about 1 week, and phytotoxicity sometimes occurs on crops.
13. Polyoxin
①Formulations: 1.5% wettable powder, 2% wettable powder, 3% wettable powder, 10% wettable powder.
②Targets: gray mold.
③Timing and method of use: at the early and peak stages of disease, spray a 1000-1500 fold dilution of the 10% wettable powder.
④Precautions: This agent cannot be mixed with acidic or alkaline pesticides, and should not be used more than 2 times per year.
14. Sumilex (procymidone)
①Formulation: 50% wettable powder.
②Targets: gray mold.
③Timing and method of use: spray a 1500-3000 fold dilution before disease onset.
④Precautions: This agent should be used before disease onset, or at the latest at the early stage of disease; do not use alone for long periods, as resistance develops easily; it is best to rotate it with other fungicides.
15. Yibao (mancozeb + famoxadone)
①Formulation: 68.75% water-dispersible granules.
②Targets: downy mildew.
③Timing and method of use: before downy mildew lesions appear, spray a 800-1200 fold dilution, with an application interval of 7-10 days, for a total of 3-4 sprays.
④Precautions: This agent is a protective fungicide; foliar spraying before the disease infects gives the best effect.
16. Cymoxanil · mancozeb
①Formulation: 72% wettable powder.
②Targets: downy mildew.
③Timing and method of use: spray a 600 fold dilution when the disease first appears or at its peak, especially suitable when downy mildew has developed resistance, giving the best effect.