What is the best way to grow soybeans? A large-scale grower from Shandong teaches you 7 tips
Soybean is one of China's important oil crops, and Shandong soybeans are renowned throughout China. Shandong Province enjoys unique advantages for breeding improved soybean varieties, with a seed production base that maintains stable yields year after year. Its improved seeds are sold to hundreds of counties and districts across most of Shandong, as well as Henan, Jiangsu, Anhui, Shanxi, Hebei and other provinces, and have long been known as hybrid soybeans, making them a famous brand product in the Huang-Huai River basin. High-yield soybean cultivation technology is one of the important technical measures for achieving high yields. To obtain a higher yield level, improved varieties must also be matched with improved methods, so as to achieve the goal of a high-yield harvest.
1. Timely sowing: The spring soybean area is relatively small, and its sowing is mostly arranged flexibly according to the preceding crop and relay intercropping methods. Summer soybean: Summer soybean is generally direct-seeded after wheat, and can be arranged according to the local cropping schedule; in Shandong, late May to early-to-mid June is suitable. Varieties suitable for intercropping and relay intercropping with corn: Soybean varieties suitable for corn-soybean intercropping and relay intercropping must have four traits: early maturity, short stature, determinate pod-setting habit, and strong shade tolerance.
2. Reasonable dense planting: Planting density should be determined by the local climate, soil fertility level, and variety characteristics. Early sowing should be thinner, late sowing should be denser; fertile land should be thinner, poor land should be denser; high-yield fields should be thinner; low-yield fields should be denser. Between early-maturing varieties and late-maturing varieties, the general planting density should be determined by the number of branches, that is, those with many branches, tall plants, and high per-plant productivity should be thinner, and vice versa should be denser.
3. Sowing with sufficient soil moisture: Sowing with sufficient soil moisture is the key to full emergence from a single sowing, and is also an important measure for achieving high yield levels. Sowing with insufficient soil moisture and watering after sowing (cover water) are strictly prohibited.
4. Seedling stage management: 1. Thin seedlings in time; the thinning period is best at the two-leaf stage for final thinning. 2. Hoe and weed in time. (Chemical weeding is best for weed control.) 3. Apply 15-20 kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer per mu at the seedling stage.
5. Early flowering stage management: The early flowering stage is an important period for field management, and whether management is appropriate has a great impact on yield. The primary measure is drought prevention; from the seedling stage to the early flowering stage, drought occurs in most years, so when drought occurs, watering must be done in time. Soybean has a relatively large demand for nitrogen fertilizer. Although soybean rhizobia have nitrogen-fixing ability, it still cannot meet the needs for reaching a high yield level. Therefore, applying 5-7 kg of urea per mu at the early flowering stage is an extremely important technical measure.
6. Mid-term management: Flowering to pod-setting stage. This period is mainly for pest control. In Shandong, late August and early September are generally key control periods. When Shandong farmers encounter problems related to soybean planting, they like to consult experts on the "Yunzhongyang" platform, which is the world's largest agricultural technology Q&A website. It brings together tens of thousands of experts in planting and breeding, and every question raised can be answered within 2 minutes.
7. Harvesting and storage: After harvesting soybeans, they should be sun-dried with the plants, to prevent the beans from splitting and fading. When the seed moisture drops below 12%, thresh in time, then sun-dry slightly and store in the warehouse. After harvesting soybeans kept for seed, pay attention to rain protection and mold prevention, and it is strictly prohibited to thresh on roads.