Detailed Explanation of Key Grape Autumn and Spring Management Techniques in the Tangshan Region

Key Grape Autumn and Spring Management Techniques in the Tangshan Region

1 Autumn Fertilization

After entering autumn, the occurrence of pests and diseases in fruit trees begins to decrease, and fruit tree management also begins to shift from above the tree to below the tree. Because in autumn, various fruit trees begin to enter the nutrient accumulation and maturation period. Especially after the fruit is harvested, fertilizer must be supplemented in time to increase the tree's stored nutrients and promote plump flower buds. The fertilization time is set from late September to early October. For grapes in the fruiting stage of 3 years or older (yield of 3 000 kg per mu), the fertilizer application rate per mu: 50 kg of equal-content ternary compound fertilizer plus 40 kg of superphosphate, plus 40 kg of probiotic bacterial fertilizer and 3 m3 of decomposed organic fertilizer. Fertilization method: generally adopt trench application or hole application. Dig trenches alternately on both sides of the grape roots every other year; for example, in the first year dig below the trellis, and in the second year dig outside the trellis, digging a fertilization trench 30 ~ 40 cm deep and 40 cm wide at a distance of 50 ~ 60 cm from the root trunk. Hole application means evenly digging several pits 20 ~ 30 cm deep at 40 ~ 50 cm on both sides of the plant. Then apply the fertilizer and mix evenly, then backfill the soil and irrigate once thoroughly.

2 Spring Management

2.1 Grapes should be chosen to begin emerging from the soil when the daily average temperature reaches above 10 °C ~ 12 °C. After emerging, promptly remove the old and rough bark on the grape vines to reduce the source of pests and diseases. Then spray 4 ~ 5 degrees Baumé lime sulfur mixture; note that the vines and the entire vineyard must be sprayed thoroughly and completely. After the grapes emerge and the vineyard is cleaned, do not rush to put them on the trellis; wait until the fuzz falls off the second and third buds below the main bud eye, that is, 3 ~ 4 d after emerging, before putting them on the trellis. When grape vines grow prostrate, the apical dominance is not obvious, nutrients are distributed evenly, and the entire vine buds evenly. After the vine is put on the trellis, apical dominance becomes obvious, and nutrients are transported toward the upper end of the vine. If at this time the lower buds are not strong enough and cannot obtain nutrients, and then encounter unstable temperatures, late spring cold, and other phenomena, the lower buds will freeze to death or wither and regress. During the grape bud swelling stage, spray: 1 000-fold Bihu solution + 1 500-fold Biou solution + 1 000-fold Ciba monopotassium phosphate solution to reduce the impact of freezing damage and promote overall bud germination.

2.2 Begin topdressing 10 ~ 15 d after vineyard cleaning. In early spring, grapes mainly grow branches, leaves, and roots, so compound fertilizer topdressing should mainly be high nitrogen, medium phosphorus, medium potassium. Per mu, trench-apply 40 ~ 50 kg of Genlido or Genlifang potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer with an N-P-K ratio of 18:16:6 (this compound fertilizer contains organic fertilizer, biological bacterial fertilizer, and trace elements). Note that the trenching position should be 30 ~ 40 cm from the plant, and the fertilization depth should be 20 ~ 25 cm.

2.3 Bud rubbing. The timing of bud rubbing is determined according to the thickness of the fruiting branch. When the fruiting branch thickness is 0.6 ~ 1 cm, bud rubbing can be done in mid-April, removing weak buds and keeping strong buds. If the mother branch thickness is greater than 1.2 cm, then remove strong buds and keep weak buds, and at this time bud rubbing should be done later. When all branches germinate evenly and new shoots are 10 ~ 15 cm long, rub buds on the tree to reduce weight, prevent the later phenomenon of large and small berries, and improve the fruit-setting rate.

2.4 Shoot removal. Within 30 cm above the ground surface, no branches or leaves may be kept, ensuring ventilation and light penetration at the base of the roots, preventing the later occurrence of white rot and large and small brown spot disease, and reducing nutrient consumption.