What factors affect the extension of new agricultural technologies?
What are the influencing factors in the extension of new agricultural technologies?
1 Internal factors
In the process of extending new agricultural technologies, the internal factors of the new technology itself are one of the important factors affecting extension. From the perspective of the new technology itself, analysis can be carried out from two aspects: the maturity level of the new technology and the environmental climate. First, from the perspective of the maturity level of the new technology, if the new technology is relatively mature, it is easy for people to accept. Taking the Songnen Plain region where we are located as an example, where corn, rice, wheat, soybean and sorghum are mainly grown, new technologies that perform well through trials and demonstrations are easily accepted and recognized by farmers; otherwise, they are eliminated. Therefore, the extension of a new technology depends on its own operability. From the perspective of environmental climate, some new agricultural technologies are affected by environmental climate. For example, Jilin has four distinct seasons and belongs to a temperate continental monsoon climate, and in spring it is mostly dry with little rain. Some crop varieties perform differently, and the effects produced by slight changes in environment and climate are also different. On this basis, the new technologies implemented cannot achieve the expected results.
2 Market prospect factors
In the process of extending new agricultural technologies, market prospect is one of the decisive factors. Only after new agricultural technologies and new agricultural production materials are put on the market, and after observing the economic benefits and social benefits they bring to farmers, can a comprehensive judgment of market prospect be made. Only new agricultural technologies with market prospects can be recognized by farming households and applied in production. Therefore, in the extension process, market prospect plays a decisive role.
3 Personnel level factors
In the process of extending new agricultural technologies, the service level of the agricultural technology extension system will seriously affect the extension effect of new agricultural technologies. Extension personnel for new agricultural technologies are required not only to possess a certain amount of agricultural science theory and agricultural science and technology knowledge, but also to have extension skills. The degree to which extension personnel understand new agricultural technologies is very important. If extension personnel do not possess this knowledge and these skills, problems such as unclear explanations of the technology and misunderstandings among people will arise during the extension process. At present, among extension personnel for new agricultural technologies, problems commonly exist such as relatively low educational levels, mismatched professional backgrounds, and uneven personnel quality, which seriously affect the extension process of new agricultural technologies.
4 Application factors
In the process of extending new agricultural technologies, the degree of application by farmers is one of the important factors affecting extension. The direct users of new agricultural technologies are farmers, so the degree of farmers' use will seriously affect the effect and timing of agricultural technology extension. According to experimental statistics, most farmers use traditional agricultural technologies, and only a portion of farmers are willing to try new technologies. Most farmers are relatively conservative, but they also have a relatively strong desire to increase productivity, so they hold a wait-and-see attitude toward new technologies. Most farmers are unwilling to bear the risks brought by new technologies, and generally wait until the technology is mature and has been used successfully by most people before using it, but by then the so-called new technology has become old technology. Therefore, farmers' degree of acceptance of new technologies is a very important factor in the extension process.
5 Other factors
In the process of extending new agricultural technologies, other factors also have an impact, such as an inadequate extension system and tight funding, all of which affect the extension process of new agricultural technologies. From the perspective of an inadequate extension system, there is a phenomenon of vague positioning of extension functions in the extension process, which directly leads to inconspicuous extension effects. From the perspective of tight funding, the remuneration of extension personnel for new agricultural technologies cannot be proportional to their workload, so when faced with a heavy workload, employees may show a lack of enthusiasm for work, resulting in inconspicuous extension effects.
Measures taken
1 Increase experimental bases
To accelerate the extension process of new agricultural technologies, it is necessary to increase experimental bases so that people can see the experimental results of new technologies, which helps accelerate the extension of new agricultural technologies. Establishing experimental bases allows farmers to intuitively see the effects of new agricultural technologies, thus achieving the purpose of extension, and at the same time can answer farmers' questions arising after they see the experimental bases.
2 Strengthen professional skills training for extension personnel
To accelerate the extension process of new agricultural technologies, it is necessary to strengthen professional skills training for extension personnel. During the training process, extension personnel for new agricultural technologies should be enabled to gain an in-depth understanding of the theories and skills of agricultural technology and to improve their own quality. If there is an experimental base at the training location, experienced agricultural technology extension personnel can train the trainees, and those who pass the assessment can be issued a certificate for taking up posts in new agricultural technology extension.