Cultivation and management methods for hybrid tea roses: large, vibrant blooms with a delicate fragrance
The hybrid tea rose is a plant of the genus Rosa, suited to growing in environments with ample sunlight and good air circulation. It is not demanding about soil, but the following points should be noted in open-field cultivation.
Roses: prevention and treatment of rose ageing and rejuvenation of old stumps
1. Cultivation site
The hybrid tea rose is a sun-loving plant. During cultivation, choose a sunny spot and avoid planting beside tall buildings, under tree shade, or on the shady side of a hillside. The ideal soil for growing hybrid tea roses should have good crumb structure and be rich in organic matter. The hybrid tea rose is not demanding about soil pH and can grow in soil with a pH of 5.5-8.0, but grows best in slightly acidic soil with a pH of 6. Most of the root system of the hybrid tea rose is concentrated in the top 30 cm-40 cm of soil, so the depth of the cultivated layer should be 50 cm-60 cm.
2. Fertilizer selection
The hybrid tea rose likes fertilizer, especially organic fertilizers such as barnyard manure and compost. The application rate of organic fertilizer is about 150 kg per 10 plants. The hybrid tea rose has a long flowering period, and during its growth, chemical fertilizers should be applied as a top dressing for quick effect. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the top dressing should be 1:1:2 or 1:2:3. The chemical fertilizer commonly used is superphosphate, applied at an average of 2 kg per 100 sq m.
3. Planting spacing
The plant and row spacing for cultivating hybrid tea roses varies according to the purpose of cultivation. For variety nurseries used for breeding or scientific research, the commonly used spacing is 150 cm x 80 cm; for landscaping in parks, flower shops, streets, factories and mines, it should be adapted to local conditions, using wider row spacing. Before planting, the seedlings should be pruned once, cutting off damaged branches, diseased branches and weak branches, and damaged or overly long roots should also be cut off. The soil moisture at planting should be suitable. If too wet, planting should be postponed and the soil left to dry for a few days before transplanting; if too dry, a thorough watering should be given 2 days-3 days in advance.
4. Water management
Water management for hybrid tea roses is also an important task. Insufficient or excessive water will inhibit their growth and development, so it must be adjusted according to their different growth and development stages. Spring and autumn are the peak flowering periods of hybrid tea roses, and during this time the water supply should be sufficient; before pruning the plants, watering should be suspended to control plant growth, and after pruning the amount of watering should be appropriately increased. In addition, if cultivated in sandy soil with poor water retention, the watering frequency should be appropriately increased; in soil with poor drainage, watering should be done with care to prevent root rot.
5. Pruning and shaping
Pruning is done to encourage the hybrid tea rose to sprout as many strong branches as possible, thereby improving flower quality. In addition, pruning can also make the tree shape complete and balanced, so that it harmonises with the space in which it lives. The most suitable time for pruning is when the plant stops dormancy and is about to sprout, or when it stops growing and is approaching dormancy. There are 3 forms of pruning: light pruning, moderate pruning and heavy pruning. Light pruning means cutting back healthy branches and removing inward-growing buds; moderate pruning means cutting off the healthy branches of the previous year's growth at the base or cutting off half; heavy pruning means keeping only 3-4 branches of the previous year's growth on the whole plant, then cutting them back 20 cm above the ground. For newly transplanted plants, if they have already been pruned before planting, no further pruning is needed in the first year after planting. After one year, thin and crossing branches can be cut off at the base, and at least half the length of the retained strong branches should be cut off. Hybrid tea roses planted for more than 3 years still need annual pruning to keep the plant shape perfect.
6. Winter care
In areas where the winter minimum temperature is below minus 15°C, some freeze protection measures should be taken. For example, mound 20 cm of soil around the base of the plant, or wrap the clump with straw curtains, gunny bags, plastic film, etc. In areas where the winter minimum temperature reaches minus 20°C, it is necessary to loosen the soil on one side of the plant, lay the plant down and cover it completely with soil.
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