Purple yam seedling cultivation technique: tuber cutting propagation coefficient increased to 25-40 times
Purple yam seedling and cultivation technique: tuber cutting propagation coefficient increased to 25-40 times
Purple yam is also called "purple ginseng" and is consumed for its fleshy tuberous roots or cylindrical roots. Purple yam is rich in anthocyanins and has a wide range of uses; it can be a delicious dish on the table and also a health-care medicinal material. Regular consumption of purple yam can lower blood pressure and blood sugar, resist aging and prolong life, strengthen the brain and improve intelligence, and enhance human immunity. As a new variety of purple yam, Xunong Purple Yam cannot, like ordinary white yam, purify and rejuvenate its superior traits by producing its own yam beans. At present, purple yam cultivation all uses tuber cutting propagation, and its propagation coefficient is only 10-15 times, which greatly limits the propagation and promotion of purple yam, and the survival rate and survival quality of the cultivated purple yam seedlings are relatively poor.
(a) Purple yam tuber planting: April 6-10, select Xunong Purple Yam tubers weighing 60 g/piece, soak them in rooting powder No. 5 solution at a concentration of 600 ppm for 80 s, with the tubers fully submerged 3 cm below the liquid surface, take them out and dry the surface, then plant the purple yam tubers on a seedling bed. The seedling bed is composed of fine soil or nutrient soil mixed with farmyard manure, and the overall soil moisture is suitable. Plant the purple yam tubers with the head up and the tail down, with a planting space of 20x20 cm 2 for each tuber segment, cover with soil 3-5 cm thick after planting, and evenly spray 200-300 ml of water at planting. Afterward, evenly spray 150-200 ml of water on the seedling bed every 7 days until the end of April.
(b) Purple yam seedling preparation: May 10-25, spray paclobutrazol powder at 6 g/mu on the planted seedling bed, spraying once every 5 days for 3 consecutive times. After the purple yam seedlings grow to 20-25 cm, cut them off close to the ground. In the same way, regularly spray paclobutrazol powder, and when the seedlings reach a suitable length, cut the seedlings. Repeat the spraying and cutting for 4-5 cycles.
(c) Purple yam seedling cuttings: screen and discard purple yam seedlings that have no unfolded leaves, are thin and weak, or have insect damage. Plant the intact seedlings in a cutting shed spread with farmyard manure after the afternoon temperature drops below 28degC. The planting space for each seedling cutting is 25x25 cm 2 . After the seedlings are cuttings-planted, spray rooting powder No. 5 solution at 1.5 kg/mu on the seedling branches and leaves. After an interval of 10 days, spray rooting powder No. 5 solution again at 0.5 kg/mu. Coordinate temperature control by covering the cutting shed with plastic film and dry grass and by using mist cooling inside the shed, adjusting the daytime temperature to 25-30degC and the nighttime temperature to 22-25degC, with humidity constantly controlled at 85-90%.
(d) Purple yam seedling growth: June 10-15, spray paclobutrazol powder at 24 g/mu on the leaves of the planted seedlings. After an interval of 10 days, spray paclobutrazol powder again at 50 g/mu on the seedling leaves to promote the growth and development of purple yam roots. After June 20, every day after 10 a.m. and before 3 p.m., open the plastic film and dry grass covering the cutting shed to ensure the purple yam seedlings can carry out sufficient photosynthesis. After September 20, remove the plastic film and dry grass on the shed to allow the seedlings to grow freely and normally. Between June 10 and September 20, through the plastic film and dry grass on the cutting shed and mist cooling inside the shed, coordinate to maintain the temperature in the shed at 25-28degC and the humidity at 85-90%, promoting the growth and development of yam stems and leaves. On September 20-22, spray purple yam with a solution composed of DA-6 and triacontanol milk powder mixed at 1:1 at 25 kg/mu. After 5 days, spray again with a solution composed of DA-6 and triacontanol milk powder mixed at 2:1 at 15 kg/mu to promote yam growth.
(e) Purple yam harvest: October 15-30, after the purple yam matures, dig out the purple yam tubers, dry the surface, and store them indoors at a temperature of 10-15degC and suitable humidity.
Through this seedling cultivation, the propagation coefficient is 35 times, and the rooting rate, survival rate, and tuber-setting rate are all above 83.6%.