What are the commonly used landform terms in landscape bonsai?

Landscape bonsai is a miniature of natural landscapes, so to do a good job of making landscape bonsai, you must clearly understand several features of landscape bonsai. The landform terms commonly used in landscape bonsai generally include the following:

1. Mountain

Mountain is the most important element in landscape bonsai. The common forms of mountains can be roughly divided into three types: folded mountains, fault-block mountains, and folded fault-block mountains.

2. Mountain range

A mountain range refers to a system of mountains arranged in rows, which can form undulating mountain terrain extending in a certain direction, shaped like a vein, and includes valleys and ridges.

3. Peak

A mountain peak refers to a mountain with a high and steep form, relatively prominent.

4. Luan

In landscape bonsai, the form of a luan is relatively gentle and also relatively low and small.

5. Ridge

A ridge is a mountain top formed by continuous mountain ranges.

6. Gang

Gang also refers to the backbone of a mountain.

7. Ridge line

The extension line of the towering part of a mountain range.

8. Summit

Summit also refers to the top of a mountain.

9. Cliff

A cliff also refers to the steep wall-like edge on a mountain.

10. Rock

A large stone on a mountain.

11. Valley

A place between two mountains where water can flow.

12. Gorge

A place where water is pinched between two mountains.

13. Fany

This refers to a small isolated cliff by a river.

14. Hillside

There is no need to explain this one; it is the sloping part from high to low.

15. Foothill

It refers to the foot of a mountain.

17. Island

Land in rivers.

18. Mountain pass

A relatively low place in a relatively tall ridge.

19. Peak forest

Just like the clustered peaks of Guilin, Guangxi.

20. Stone forest

A relatively small-scale peak forest.

21. Karst cave

A natural cave.

22. Rivers

23. Sea, lake, stream, pool, pond, waterfall.